ORNAMENTAL GAUDKN STKUCTUKES. 989 is also at once a cheap mode of elevating a cistern, and of adding to grounds an orna mcnt, ■which, if not very beautiful, can yet never be considered mean or paltry. '1 lie water may be raised to the basin or cistern so placed by forcing-pumps worked by men, horses, wind, water, or steam ; or by that very ingenious machine, the hydraulic ram (described, Gurd. Mag., vol. v. p. 594., as being in use at Bury Hill, Surrey), which has lately been put up in various parts of the country, for this purpose, by Mr. Rowley. However, the mode which we woidd recommend, as most directly ajiplicable where there is no natural power, is that of having a small steam-engine, say of two-horse power, which might be placed in the lower part of the tower containing the cistern, or in any con- venient situation near the well, pond, or otlier source of sujiply, and set to work once or twice a week, as occasion might require. A horizontal windmill, so disguised in the tower as not to be an offensive object, would, in all elevated situations, as we have else- where observed (§ 1256), be the cheapest and best that could be employed; because it would require little or no attention, and might be left to itself to work or stand still, according to the wind. 1975. In conducting the water from the cistern or reservoir to the jet or fountain, the following particulars require to be attended to : — In the first place, all the pipes must be laid sufticiently deep in the earth, or otherwise placed and protected so as to prevent the possibility of their being reached by frost ; next, as a general rule, the diameter of the orifice fi-oni which the jet of water pioceeds, technically called the bore of the quill, ought to be four times less than the bore of the conduit pipe ; that is, the quill and pipe ought to be in a quadi-uple proportion to each other. There are several sorts of quills or spouts
