102 COTTAGE, FARM, AND VILLA ARCHITECTUHE. provement to carry the chimney tops liigher, and to have a panelled entrance door, studded with cast-iron nails, substituted for the ledged one ; which, with a neat architectural parapet, fig. 189, would form a finish to the platform. The effect of the whole would thus be enriched, and rendered more characteristic of the style so obviously indicated ; and it may be tried by such of our readers as can use a pencil, for themselves. We may remark incidentally, that the mere circumstance of deviating from the straight line in a very small degree in the window opening, as in fig. 188, at ti, adds materially to the effect of that window, as a Gothic one. The more obvious forms of Gothic architecture are so universally known in this country, that the slightest line in a building which has an allusion to them, operates upon the imagination and at once gives the idea of style. Design XXV I IL — A Cottage in the Old English manner, containing a Kitchen, Living Room, and two Bed Rooms. 214. Accommodation. The ground floor contains an entrance-lobby, a ; back kitchen with oven, b; best kitchen or living-room, c ; closet under 190 the stair, d ; stair to the bed-rooms, e ; privy, /; and place for wood, pigs, or poultry, g. In the chamber floor, there are two bed-rooms ; the largest, /(, which is entered from the staircase, i, has a small closet, k ; the other bed-room, /, has a press near the fireplace ; and chests, and other articles, may stand in the passage, m. 215. Construction. The walls, as high as the bed- room floor, are of brick ; and from the bed-room floor to the roof, of stud-work, or brick nogging plastered. The chimneys, fig. 190, are of brick, covered with composition ; or they may be formed entirely of arti- ficial stone. The roof is supposed to be thatched ; the windows of lattice-work, and the doors ledged. The large projecting window in the centre of the gable end, is called an oriel, or bay, or compass window, and is constructed in the following manner, viz. heart of oak bearers, fig. 191, n, n, are projected from the walls at the given height in a horizontal position, and generally so as to form an angle with the wall of 45°. The ends of these beams are inserted in the walls, and the brick-work is carried up over them, so that they are retained in their places by the whole weight of the superincumbent structure. By these means the diagonal beams afford a sufficient support to a parallel beam, o, which is dovetailed into the 191 diagonal ones, as shown at /), p. The opening below the beams is covered in by the moulded boarding, 5, in fig. 192, to a scale of -three-eighths of an inch to a foot, and the section of the front, or parallel beam, 0, is covered by the weather-boarding, r. The beams, n, n, ought to be of strong sound timber, and not less than fourteen inches by twelve inches. Oriel windows are generally constructed of wood-work, as being lighter than any other material ; but beams of the above dimensions are sufficient to support a wall of brick or stone. The manner in which oriel windows of stone are carried up, is founded on the same principle, and will be described hereafter. Round the inside of these windows, are generally formed seats, which commonly open in front, at i ; or at the top, like a ship's locker ; so as to serve at the same time as a chest and a seat. Formerly these seats wer^ called binks, bins, or bunkers, possibly a corruption of the French word, banc. The barge
