320 COTTAGE, FARM, AND VILLA ARCHITECTURE. spicuous. Quicklime slacked in urine, and laid on the wood while hot, will also stain it of a red colour ; and this is said to be the general practice with the Windsor chair manufacturers in the neighbourhood of London. Fig. 645 is a chair with a seat like the Windsor pattern, but with a different back, the two side styles of which are mortised into the seat, as shown at d. The legs are put together by dowels (wedges put in tenons after they are inserted in the mortise, to prevent them from being drawn back), like the Windsor chairs before mentioned, fig. 643. This forms a very comfort- able and cheap chair. Fig. 646 is a very strong chair, being put together with mortise and tenon : it forms the common kitchen chair about London. It is generally made of deal, but sometimes of birch or beech, and is usually painted. Figs. 647 and 648 are two Gothic arm-chairs for kitchens ; and fig. 649 is a kitchen workbox and table chair. The 6-4 7 648 g^y ^ ^ t>50 workbox is formed beneath the seat, and is got at by a fall-down flap, e, supported by small chains or strong tape. The table, J", is simply a boai-d which draws out from under the seat three fourths of its length, the remaining fourth remaining in to steady it ; by which means lopers or fly-brackets are rendered unnecessary. Such a chair will be found very useful, and it may be made of deal, at a very trifling expense, by a common carpenter. The bottom of the box below may be loose, so thai by turning the chair upside down, it may be taken out, and the box cleaned. Fig. 650 is a Design for an iron elbow kitchen chair, by Mr. Mallet. The back and elbows are cast in one piece ; the supports for the elbows and also the legs are of gas tubing, screwed into a cross frame of iron, which proceeds from the back of the chair under the wooden seat. This is a strong, durable, and cheap chair, and only wants good cushions, for the back, ell)ows, and seat, to render it a most comfortable article for a cottager. Fig. 651 is a Design by Mr. Mallet for a cast and wrought iron chair, with a wooden seat. It is cast in one piece, the legs being tubular, with v/ire stays ; the whole forming an exceedingly light and yet stable chair, weighing less than most oak ones. This chair might have a cushion seat, and also a cushion for the back, which the cottager might make himself of bulrushes, or of any other monocotyledonous water plant (the pith of these being filled with air, and therefore bulky, soft, and elastic), or of the chaff of Indiai; corn ; covering them with cloth, and tying them on the chair with tape. 640. Parlour Chairs. These are of various patterns ; and, as the characteristic of the kitchen chair was strength and durability, so that of the parlour chair is lightness and elegance. Figs. 652 to 657, p. 314, are plain Grecian chairs, sold in London at from 7j. to 12s. each. They arc usually made of beech, and may be stained to imi- tate mahogany, by thi' following process : — Wash the wood, after the chair is completed,
