488 COTTAGE, FARM, AND VILLA ARCHITECTURE. sary. The timbers for all the carpenter's work ; viz., roofing, lintels, bond timber, stoothings (stuchvork, or quartering ; that is, wooden framework for lath and plaster par- titions), ragglings (ceiling joists), joistings, external door-frames, posts and rails for stalls in stable, cow-byre, and calf-pens, to be all sawn out of IMemel, Dantzic, or red pine timber. The deals for the external doors, windows, gates, stall partitions, mangers, and hay-racks, and for the steps and risers to stairs, to be all of red wood from the Baltic. All the floors of the house and granary to be laid with white-wood battens from Christiania. All the other inside joiner's work to be executed with deals, &c., cut out of Quebec yellow pine. The whole to be free from sap, shakes, loose knots, and every other defect. The materials of the present old buildings to be taken for the use of the respective con- tractors ; and such of them as shall be deemed sound and good by the inspector, such as stones and timber, to be used in the new offices. The old buildings, however, are to be taken down only in such order of time as they can be spared by the tenant, so as he may not be put to unnecessary inconvenience thereby. 981. Dwelling- House. — Mason's Work. To open out, and lay bare the quarry where pointed out ; and to get from it all the stones necessary for the mason-work ; to dig proper trenches for all the walls, of the different thicknesses, and to the depth required for a good foundation, and also for sleeper walls to the parlour floor. To build stone footings to all the walls, from good foundations, of the difl'erent thicknesses described on the drawing ; the first footing to be 3 feet, and the second ditto 2 feet and a half. To carry up all the external walls 2 feet thick, and the internal walls, and walls of coal-house, privy, &c., 20 inches thick, to the heights required, as shown by the elevation and section. The front of the house to be built with good blocking courses of hewn stone (" good blocking courses" does not mean, in Northumberland, hewn work, but only stones dressed with the pick end of the hammer, and laid in regular courses, which courses are generally of such a tliickness, as that two of them range with one course of coins, as in fig. 975). The jambs of the doors and windows to be carried up in in and out tie (in and out tie, or in-bands and out-bands, are analogous to headers and stretchers in brick- work; and, in the case of windows and other openings, will be understood by fig. 976, 975 976 977 978 in which a is the in-tie, in-band, or heading stone ; and b, the out-tie, out-band, or stretching stone ; and c, the pulley style of the windows ; the external elevation of in and out tie may be seen in fig. 977); checked (rebated) to receive frames; the inside of the jambs to be splayed ; to have wooden bricks built in for fastenings of flie beads, and recesses left for window seats. The gables of the house and back side to be built with good common walling ; the whole of the walls to have a bond stone (binding stone) laid through the full thickness of the wall every superficial yard, and to be properly pointed outside. Windows and doors to have stone heads and sills, chiseled and set. The silLs to have proper drips, and to project 2 inches from the face of the wall. The coins (corners) for all the walls to be chiseled, and to be from 12 to 14 inches deep, 20 inches long, and 10 inches in the bed. Two courses of blocking in the front wall to range fair with one of coins. The chimneys to be carried up with gables, as shown in the drawing. The vents (flues) to be well pargeted inside, with hair and lime ; and the tops above the roof to be built with hewn stone, well jointed ; each joint to have a wrought-iron cramp, three eighths of an inch square, and 5 inches long, run with lead. Stone water-tables to be laid up the gables on each side, and to be wrought with saddle top, chiseled and set ; the first stone to be fixed with an iron stud, run with lead, into corbel coins (summer stones, as shown in fig. 977), also a stone ridge, wrought fair to a mould, well jointed and laid straight on the roof. To pave the two kitchens, dairy, pantry, passages, and closet under the stairs with flag-stones, 3 inches and a half thick, from Erring Craig : the whole to be dressed, jointed, and well bedded in sand. The front and back doors to have stone steps and thresholds, chiseled and set. The fireplaces in the front kitchen and back ditto to have stone jambs and mantels chiseled and set. The mantels not to be less than 15 inches deep, and the jambs the breadth required. Each fireplace to have a fui^iace pot (boiler) and oven (the front kitchen pot to contain 12 gallons of water ; the oven to be 20 inches in diameter); and standard grates, (kitchen grates supporting themselves by feet in front,) 20 inches wide, set with hewn stone fronts, coved behind for the pot mouth (boiler mouth, as in fig. 978; in which d is the pot or boiler; e, the coving; /, the jamb; and ^,
