FARM HOUSES AXD FARMERIES IN VARIOUS STYLES. 549 difference in favour of the stock in that yard, a» compared with those in which there were three or more openings in the sheds. The animals were finer in the skin, and, in other respects, in better condition." 1163. Passages. " It may appear, in several of these ground plans, that the passages and the entrances to the different apartments are wider than necessary ; but it is a matter of great consequence to have open and free access, where a number of carts and cattle frequently come in contact." 1164. 'Turnip-house. " As it is necessary to lay up a stock of turnips as a supply when they cannot be got from the field either on account of frost or wet weather, a turnip-house is delineated in some of the plans ; though it is to be observed that these turnip-houses are of no great utility, since it is found that turnips keep much longer when put together in a sheltered place in the open air, well covered with straw, than they will do in a close house." 1165. Threshing-mills. " No Design has been given either of a water-mill or steam-engine house for the threshing-machine ; as the erection of these is subject to circumstances, and their size and position are naturally under the direction of the millwright." 1 1 66. Gates. " In all the plans here designed, the gates are shown to be hung on wooden posts, which are not so easily knocked down by carts as common stone pillars. l?ut this does not prevent the adoption of hewn-stone pillars, which both have a better appearance and are much stronger." 1167. All the inside Gables " are intended to be carried to the top." 1168. With regard to ventilating the Stables and Cow-houses, " it is recommended that openings of about six inches high, and the same width as between the rafters, shall be made in the roofs, and fitted up with boards, about three inches broad, suspended by pivots, and moved by a crank, in the same way as the luffer-boards in a granary window. One, two, or three of these, in a stable or cow-house, according to the length of the apart- ment, will, if attended to, be found to be of great service." 1169. Boiling-houses and Stables. " In all the boiling-houses the roofs should be lathed and plastered in the inside, round by the back of the cupple (couples, or rafters), and should liave a large ventilator to let off the steam. The saddle-horse stables should be plastered in the same way." 1 1 70. In the Construction of these Buildings, " the corners, ribbets (reveals), arches, and skews are supposed to be of hewn stone ; the wood of Memel fir ; the slates from Easdale ; and the ridges of flanks (gutters in the valleys) covered with lead. The cost and workmanship of all the materials are included in the general estimate, except the prime cost of stones. In most of the plans, metal pillars are designed for the cart-sheds ; but, where stones can be easily procured, it is recommended that they should be made use of, in preference to metal. The stones for the bases of the metal pillars should be one foot eight inches broad, and one foot two inches thick." (Ibid., 372.) 1171. The Plan, fig. 1072, " being intended for a Iiill farm, principally in pasture, it is supposed that only one pair of work-horses is employed ; but the stable is made to hold four, because, on a farm of this sort, there should always be a third ready to be employed occasionally, frequently a breeding mare ; and the fourth stall is required for a riding- pony. It is supposed that three or four cows are to be kept, and their calves brought up till they are two or three years old, which will consume all the fodder produced by this extent of arable culture. Should more horses be employed, or the farm produce much meadow hay, more cattle might be kept ; and, consequently, the houses for cattle would then require to be enlarged. A room is designed for holding wool, which by some may be thought unnecessary, as the barn or cow-house is frequently made use of for holding it till sold ; but it sometimes happens that, in bad markets, the wool is kept over the year ; and in this case a house for it is necessary. There are also added shelter-sheds, and a yard for handling sheep, which may be subdivided by hurdles, as required. Shelter of this kind for ewes in lambing is of great service in bad weather. It is thought, on the whole, that in this Design there is as small an extent of building as should be erected on a considerable-sized farm of this description." (Ibid., p. 387.) 1172. General Estimate. The probable expense of executing this plan, exclusive of the carriage of materials and prime cost of stones, will be about ^410; and, if covered with tiles, ^'322. Design XXXIX. — A Farmery for a Garden Farm of 200 Acres, situated near a Town, employed wholly in Tillage, where no Stock is kept but Horses and Family Cows, and where the whole Produce is sold. 1173. Accommodation. The general appearance is shown in fig. 1077, and the ground plan in fig. 1078. The latter contains a potato-house, a; cart-shed, the pillars of which are of iron, with stone bases and caps, b ; cow-house, c ; calf-house, or place for a mare and
