578 COTTAGE, FARM, AND VILLA ARCHITECTURE. 1110 1 -1 /'= ■ - /^ — K 1 ^"^ ^ W i ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ 1 — ]_!_ — 1 1 1 1 ^ 5j L 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ^ v=/ i- _ v=/ - - s^=^ - - ^-^ / ^ ladder. Fig. 11 10 is the bin floor, in which may be seen the situation of the upri;;ht posts, the trapdoor, and the stair, as in the preceding figure. Fig. 1111 is a plan of 1111 cH ' 1 -] -I n.1 i , n ^ h 1 - i ± J d L J Lh the floor in the roof, showing a trapdoor, and a stair. Fig. 11 12 is a section from A to B, in the plan, fig. 1108, in which k is the pit for the cog-wheel ; /, the bolster for its axle ; m, the bolster for the same axle, which passes through the water-wheel ; 7i, the thorough, or place for the water-wheel ; o, the centre of the axle of the water-wheel ; p, the bottom of the water-wheel ; q, the head-water line ; r, the tail-water line ; s, surface of a natural stratum of gravel ; t, the bottom of the footings of the walls ; w, the top of the water-wheel ; v, the space between the inverted arches and the ground floor, filled in with masonry ; iv, the top of the stonework ; x, caps to the upright posts ; w, the floor in the roof; and z, the framing of the window in the roof. (As one great object which we have in view, in giving this plan of a watermill, and that of the windmill which follows, is to show the simplest mode of construction, with a view to their being adopted by residents in new coimtries, such as America and Australia, we may observe that the business of constructing the floors of mills is very much simplified, as well as their durability increased, where timber is abundant and cheap. In the interior of Poland we have seen windmills in which there were neither joists in the floors, nor standards nor quartering in the wall ; both were formed of thick planking, closely joined by wooden pegs, or dowels, which served both for the skeleton and the covermg; and in that country cost less altogether, than it would have done in Britain to saw up the same materials into joists, quartering, and boards. )
