59'i COTTAGE, FARM, AND VILLA ARCHITECTURE. hole h, and the mouths of the air flues, i, which latter have hinged flaps, k, to close occasionally. Fig. 1145 is a transverse section of the building; in which a is the jias- sage shown by a in fig. 11. 36; 6 is the mass of pigeon-hole brickwork, which encloses the furnace shown bye, in fig. 1136, and by/, in fig. 1141 ; c is the brick floor, in which 1143 1144 are the openings for the ascent of air, shown by e, in fig. 1141, and by the dots In fig. 1136; d is the lower hair, at it is locally termed, or lower drying floor; e e are the supports to the girders of this floor ; y is a door of communication in the partition between the kilns ; and g is the iron rod which supports the middle of the girders of the upper hair, or upper drying floor, h. The upper half of the roof is half tiled, to allow the steam to escape. When tliis method is adopted, cowls arc not requisite. Fig. 1146, to a scale of 5 feet to an inch, is a plan of one of the oasts; in whii.'li / is the fireplace covered with a brick arch to the depth of 1 foot 8 inches. The fuel made use of is cliarcoal or cuhn (by culm is meant the charcoal from the smaller wood and sprays), and the fire is made on a cast-iron grating. No chimneys are required, the quantity of smoke being so very trifling. Fig. 1147 is a side elevation of the oast, showing the open brickwork for letting out the warm air ; the fireplace m, and the ash- hole, M. The timbers, o, are covered with two courses of plain tiles set in cement or mortar, and are 4 inches by 3 inches, and 4 inches apart. The fireplace arch is seen at p, and the soil under it at q. In the roof, the plate is 6 inches by 4 inches, the tie- beam 9 inches by 6 inches, the couplings ,5 inches by 4 inches, the common rafters 4 inches by 2 inches and a half, and the struts 4 inclies by 4 inches and a half."
