008 COTTAGE, FARM, AND VILLA ARCHITECTURE. brickwork under it ; x, the bearing arches ; y, the iron bars of the fuel-chamber ; z, the ash-pit ; a', the open- ings in the under arch ; b', the openings with covers to the upper arch ; c' a tri- angular opening in the upper part of one end for the escape of the sirtoke; and d', an entrance door. Fig. 1 168 is a ground plan of the fuel-shed, and the shed over the kiln, in which, e' is the fuel-shed on the lower level ; /', the upper arch of the kiln ; g', the under arch ; h', the kiln chamber, and £', the door to the upper shed. Fig. 1169 is a section through the plan at G H, showing the i-oof and pillars of the fuel-shed, and the elevation of the wall of the kiln, and the end of the upper shed. In the lower part may be seen the furnace and ash- pit doors ; above them the door to the kiln, k' ; and in the end of the upper roof the opening for permitting the escape of smoke, /. In this elevation, as in those of all the preceding De- signs of kilns, no attention has been paid to effect, and i ; very little to architectural style ; but every building ^^' ' ° . . may be made to have an appearance, expressive not only of architectural design, but even of some particular architectural cha- racter. This character may be de- rived from its use, its locality, or from historical allusion. For example, a brick-kiln may be built on the face of a bank, like that before us, with no- thing more than simple architectural expression ; that is, having the walls marked as such by the proper sizing, squaring, jointing, and laying in ho- rizontal beds, of the stones compos- ing them ; or, by other means, in connection with these, by tliis time well known to the reader. Now, the expression of use may be given by a kiln chimney being made the leading feature ; that of local connection and character by the same forms of arches, or other openings or prominent parts, being adopted, as those which are most striking in an adjoining bridge, or other public building; and historical allu- sion may be created by carrynig up the kiln-shed as a castellated tower, or fragment of a ruin. 1168 G
