61^ COTTAGE, FARM, AND VILLA ARCHITECTURE. 3 feet 9 inclies wide, and the same in lengtli, with the angles canted off. ( Dowels, in timberwork, are pins, or tenons, generally of oak, which are let into two pieces intended to be joined in their interior, so as not to be seen externally : it differs from the mortise and tenon, in the tenon or dowel being a separate piece from the two which it connects. In fig. 1180, a a are round oak pins for dowelling two fir planks together, and b b two dovetail pieces of wood or iron, or sometimes of stone, for dowelling two stones together.) A groove or channel 2 inches wide is cut on the bed, within 2 inches of its edge all round, being half an inch deep at the back, and 1 inch and a half at the front, where the middle plank projects 3 inches beyond the others ; and a channel is cut through at /, called the lip, which is throated underneath, to prevent the liquor being wasted ; ^ is a loose plank, 3 feet 9 inches by 3 feet 1 inch, of 3- inch oak, framed flush on both sides, used for the purpose of placing on the haircloths containing the pulp or cheese ; h is the presser, which is of cast iron, 8 inches by 2 inches and a half in the centre, and 6 inches by 2 inches at each end, whei'e a groove is cut 1 inch and a half by 1 inch to admit the oak guides that are nailed on the uprights, b. The presser is suspended by means of two slots, i, to the bottom of the iron screw, k, which has a groove turned imme- diately under its nave for the slots to work in. The nave of the screw is about 9 inches long and 8 inches in diameter, with two holes through its centre at right angles to each other, to admit an iron lever bar. The screw is 4 inches in diameter, and has a square thread of about one-seventeenth pitch, or 16 revolutions to the foot, working in an iron box, I, which has two lips cast on it to prevent it from turning round, being mortised and pinned into the top beam of the press, m, which is of the same size, and framed and pinned to the uprights, b, in a similar manner to d. 1 298. Specification of the works to be performed in the erection of a cider- house, mill, and press, according to the plan most generally approved of in the counties of Hereford and Worcester, as detailed in the accompanying drawings, figs. 1176 to 1179. 1299. Excavator. To excavate the earth to the depth of 3 feet 6 inches, and of such breadth as may be necessary TO allow for working-room. The space between the wall and the solid earth to be filled in on each side of the walls equally, as they are carried up, and the 1177 '^f: i3
