G60 COTTAGE, FARM, AND VILLA AllCHITECTURE. // are two strong iion screws to screw on the top, g, in which the larger screw, a, works : h is the handle fitted on the lowest rollers. The rollers are one foot eleven inches in length, and four inches in diameter. The uprights are one inch and a half square. When the linen is to be put on, the upper roller is raised up by turning the screw. Saul's Reform Mangle is stated by its inventor " to differ from any other mangle ever yet made public. Fig. 1265 is a perspective view of it as at work Its total length, when the flaps at each end are raised up, as in the figure, is six feet, and when they are let down, it is two feet two inches square, and about two feet six inches high ; so that the whole space which it occupies is little more than eight cubic feet. Although this mangle stands in and occupies so little space, yet it works in the same length as the common mangles, by means of an endless cloth fixed so that it passes round two small rollers, a a, at the extreme ends of the mangle, and under the bottom roller, b, as indicated by the endless dotted line c. The linen is placed on the endless cloth at d, and then, by turning the handle e, it is carried through over the roller b, and under the roller f, till it reaches the roller a. It is then turned back, or, by placing another mangling cloth upon the endless cloth, the linen to be mangled may be carried entirely round. Thus far it is to be considered as only effecting the purpose of a com- mon mangle; but the iron roller, _y; is hollow, and admits of a heater lieing placed in it; and, when this is dane, the machine becomes an ironer as well as a mangle. To give pressure on the rollers, there is a box, g, on the two levers, h h, which box may be moved backwards and forwards at pleasure. This box may be loaded with stones, by which, and by altering its position on the levers, any degree of pressure may be given. The large roller is four inches and a half in diameter, and the small ones two inches and a quarter." We saw this mangle, when nearly completed, in July, 1831, and it appeared to us likely to answer the end proposed. A common mangle, with Baker's improved move- ment, costs, in London, from £S to £12. The cheap mangle may be got up for 20s., and Saul's ironing mangle costs from £2 to £3. 1382. The Filtin^s-vp and Furniture of the Brewhonse are generally known. We have before hinted at the advantage of having the boiler so higli that the wort can descend from it to the coolers : these being still sufficiently high to admit of the liquor descending in a similar manner to the vats or to the cellars. Domestic brewing utensils are so well known, that we shall not enumerate them : we shall notice, however, one improvement, which is that of keeping ale or beer to be drunk within the year in casks set on end, and formed rather wider at top than at bottom, gradually tapering downwards, and not bellied in the middle, as is generally the case ; by which means, as the liquor descends, in consequence of being drawn oil' for use, the head or scum which has formed on its surface still covers it entirely, and preserves it eflectually from the air. Tliis is by no means the case with liquors kept in cylindrical casks placed on their sides ; or with casks placed on end, which are not widest at top, and gradually tapering to the bottom. A highly improved method of keeping beer, by Mr. Mallet, is described in the Mechanics' Magazine, vol. v., and will be noticed under public-house furniture. 1383. The Fittings-tip and Furniture of the Cider-house have been already (§ 1312) given in sufficient detail. Where home-made wine is manufactured either from goose-
