694^ COTTAGE, FARM, AND VILLA AllCIIITECTUllE. 1325 1453. Consb-uclion. The foundations are to be built of stone or brickwork, and carried up two fcut above the level of the terrace ; the walls containing the flues and the chimney stacks are also to be of stone or brickwork. The platform on which the terrace is raised is to be formed of the earth dug out of the foundations ; and, after being pro- perly rammed, and allowed time to settle, it is to be paved with flat tiles. The railings surrounding the terrace are to be formed by wooden posts driven firmly into the platform at the angles, and the intermediate spaces are to be filled in with roughly turned balusters, coped with a light wooden rail. The balconies to be supported by wooden brackets, as shown in the elevation ; and the balusters of the outside stiurs are to corre- spond with those of the terrace. The walls above the solid stone or brickwork are to be framed of wood in the Swiss manner, and covered with boards both outside and inside. The roof is to be covered with shingles or with tiles, and the projecting eaves are to be supported by brackets, and by a continuation of the common rafters; the projections over the gable ends are also to be supported by solid wooden brackets. The tops of the chimney shafts are to be covered with tarred boards, or with thin flag-stones ; and the smoke is to escape at the lateral openings, as shown in the elevation. The ornaments on the roof are to be of very light cast iron, painted of an oak colour. The windows may be common sashes, hung in the usual way ; or they may be framed in the Italian or Swiss manner, and hinged so as to open inwards. The oven is to be built of fire bricks, having the joints radiat- ing to centres. All the ornamental woodwork to be roughly carved and notched with the axe and chisel. The water-closet and privies are to be lined with |-inch deal two feet above the seats, and are to have proper pans, traps, and drains. The inconvenience often occa- sioned by leaving the lid of the seat off, may be remedied by the following very simple contrivance, shown by fig. 1325. Immediately behind the lid, when up, let a small fillet of wood be hinged by a piece of leather at the upper end, a, and a cord fixed at its lower end, b, passing over the pulleys fixed in the ceiling at c c, to the door, d. It wall be seen that if the door be opened • outwards, the cord passing over the pulleys raises the fillet of wood, and if the lid has been left open, it throws it down with such force as not only to correct the omission, but to make every one in the house aware of it. 1454. Remarks. " The terraces in front may have seats for the accommodation of those who wish to sit in the open air ; and the balcony may be a comfortable retreat in mild rainy weather, being well protected by the projecting roof; it will also be a very convenient place for invalids. A stove is shown in the bar, both for warming the apartment, and for keeping water hot to mix with the liquors. The bar or shop, at a, is for retailing liquors to those who are to carry them away ; and a temporary division is thrown across the bar, to separate the shop department from the company passing into the lobby, i. The platform opposite the bar communicates with the terraces on each side, and a walk is shown from the terrace opposite the family parlour, passing through the porch, and descending a few steps to the garden, v. The garden may also be entered by the kitchen, e, and also through the cricket-ground, s. The bar, the fami y parlour, and the kitchen, are arranged as near to each other as possible, for the sake ot con- venience ; and an additional door is made to enter into this parlour close by the kitchen door, both to prevent the inconvenience of carrying hot dishes through the lobby, ??i, and to afibrd more private access to the water-closet, li. The covered yard in front of the privies will be found very useful in keeping the skittles and quoits from the weather when not in use. Warm, cold, and shower baths may be erected at <; and swimniing- ponds, surrounded by boarding, may be made at the extremity of the cricket-ground. It more cellarage be required than tlie small cellar, c, cellars might be made under the tap- room and family parlour, descending by a staircase where the present cellar is shown. The club room, a, may be used as a room fbr public meetings; and, at election time, it
