KITCHENS OF COUNTRY INNS. 1356 7Ui by separate flues to a circular cavity, over which a large shallow boiler is placed ; in which water is heated (by this smoke) for the use of the kitchen, and more especially for washing the plates and dishes. (This boUer is distinctly seen, with its wooden cover consisting of three pieces of deal, united by two pairs of hinges, in fig. 1358.) The five fireplaces on the left hand side of the mass of brickwork aj-e represented without their circular grates, and the eight fireplaces that are situated on the right hand are shown with their circidar grates in their places. The fireplaces of the four largest boilers, which are situated in front of the brickwork, have doors or openings, closed with stoppers, for introducing fuel into these fireplaces; and three of these openings are represented in the plan as being closed by their stoppers ; while the fourth (that situated on the right hand) is shown open, or without its stopper. As all the rest of the fireplaces (or stoves, as they are commonly called in this country) are without any lateral opening for intro- ducing the fuel, when any fuel is to be introduced into one of these fireplaces, the stew- pan or saucepan covering it must be removed for a moment for that purpose. 1494. Several of the horizontal Flues that carry oflT the smoke from the boilers are divided into two branches, which unite at a little distance from their fireplaces. This contrivance is very useful, especially for closed fireplaces that are without flues under the boilers, as it occasions the flame to divide under the bottom of the boiler, and to play over every part of it in a thin sheet. Dampers to the flues are omitted in these diagrams, in order to avoid confusion, but they must on no account be left out in prac- tice ; for they are of such importance that there is no possibility of managing fires pro- perly without them. It is of very little importance whether they be placed near the fire or far from it, or what is their form, provided they be so constructed as to diminish at pleasure, and occasionally to close entirely, the flue by which the smoke makes its escape. 1495. TTie dotted lines leading from the front of the brickwork to the fireplaces show the position and dimensions of the ash-pits. The whole length of the mass of brickwork from c to dis eleven feet, and its width from c to e is seven feet four inches. The space it occupies on the ground may be conceived to consist of six equal squares of forty-four inches each, placed in two rows of three squares each ; these two rows being joined to each other by their sides, and forming together a parallelogram. In laying out the work, when a kitchen is to be fitted up on the plan here described, it will always be best to begin by actually drawing these six squares on the floor of the kitchen. Nearly the whole of the middle square of the back row is occupied by the open chimney fireplace, and by its thick hollow walls ; and the greater part of the middle square of the front row is left as a passage for the cook to come to the open chimney fireplace, or rather to the stoves that are situated near it. Fig. 1357 represents a vertical section of the mass of brickwork through the centres of the fireplaces of the four principal boilers ; and is chiefly designed to show the construction of those fireplaces, and also that of the boilers. Sections of the circular grates, on which the fires are made to burn under the boilers, are here represented ; and 4 M
