KITCHENS OF COUNTRY INNS. 715 rims. These handles and rings are so constructed that they do not prevent the sauce- pans and boilers from fitting the circular openings of their fireplaces ; neither do they prevent their being fitted by their own circular covers. 1496. Deep Boilers economise Space in a Kitchen; and when their fireplaces are pro- perly constructed, and, above all, when they arc furnislied with good registers and dampers, the additional quantity of fuel they will require more than what is necessary for shallow boilers, will be too trifling to be considered. The walls of their fireplaces will absorb more heat in the beginning, but the greater part of this heat may afterwards be emitted in rays, and at last find its way into the boiler. 1497. A Kitchen of this Construction is warmed in cold weather by the mass of brick- work forming the stewing-hearth, which is made sufficiently hot by the fires that are kept up in it when cooking is going on every day, to keep the room comfortably warm in the coldest weather. It is prevented from being too warm in summer by opening one of the windows a very little ; and by opening, at the same time, the register of a wooden tube or steam chimney, which, rising from the ceiling of the room, ends in the open air, and which is always opened to clear the room of vapour when it is found necessary, and especially when the victuals are taken out of the boilers ; or when any other operation is going on that occasions the diffusion of a considerable quantity of steam. 1498. The Dimensions of the Boilers in this Kitchen are as follow. — Wide at brim. Deep. Inches. Inches. One large boiler for hot water heated by smoke 20 8 Two large boilers 16 16 Two ditto, used occasionally in the fireplaces of the two boilers last mentioned 16 8 Two smaller boilers... 12 12 Two ditto fitted to the same fireplaces 12 6 The diameters of the stewpans and saucepans are twelve, ten, and eight inches, and their depth is made equal to half their diameters. 1 499. The Fuel burnt in this kitchen is wood ; and the billets used are cut Into lengths of about six inches. In Britain, coke, or even coal, maybe used; but coke is preferable. 1500. In the Construction of these Fireplaces, common bricks were used; but care was taken to lay them in mortar composed of clay and brlckdust, without any sand, and with only a very small proportion of lime. {Essays, ^-c, p. 50.) 1501. As an Example of the present Mode of fitting up Stewing- Hearths in Britain, we may refer to fig. 1359, engraved from a sketch, which has been furnished us by Mr. W. Jeakes of Great Russell Street, London. This gentleman has fitted up the whole of the extensive cooking apparatus in the kitchens of the principal club-houses in the metropolis ; of which that of the Travellers' Club, and that of the United Service Club, are the best. The Design before us, which, as compared with those of the club-houses, may be considered to be on a small scale, consists of two parts. The first part from a to 6 is a range of three charcoal or stewing stoves, the front of which is made of cast iron, with an opening, having an iron shelf dividing the space into two parts, upon one of which, i, fall the ashes of the consumed charcoal. The space, e, underneath the shelf, is
