920 COTTAGE, FARM, AND VILLA ARCHITECTURE. 1864. Construction. The walls may be of brick, or of stone lined with brick ; all the partitions on the principal floor should be of nine-inch brickwork, and all those on the chamber-floor of 4-inch brickwork. The partitions in the attic story sliou'd be of brick nogging. The two staircases ought to be of stone, or the principal staircase may be of solid stone and the back staircase of cast-iron framing ; the risers of grating, and the treads of flagstone. Even the principal staircase may be formed in this manner, the effect of which is very elegant, and which, sometimes, is useful in affording light to the stairs below. The roof may be flat, covered with plain tiles bedded in cement, and coated over with three thin layers of the Stanhope composition, described § 1789. The flooring of all the rooms m«iy be of Wright's ornamental tiles. The battlements may either be finished in stone, which is the preferable mode ; in brick, covered with cement, and coloured in imitation of stone ; or in brick alone ; those for the copings and mouldings being moulded of suitable shapes before being burnt. This practice, as we have already observed, § 274, is as old as the time of Henry VIII., and the bricks produced are almost as durable as stone. The richest Gothic building in England, the house of the late Countess of Stafford, at Jerningham, near Norwich, designed by J. Buckler, Esq., Jun., has all the principal ornaments of the chimney tops and mouldings executed in brick made on the spot. 1865. General Estimate. The cubic contents are 138,422 feet; which, at 6d. per foot, is ^3,460: lis. 1866. Remarks. The internal arrangement of this Design is excellent, and, from the compact, cubical form of the building the expense must necessarily be inoderate in pro- portion to the accommodation afforded. Corbeled, or far-projecting cornices, like those here shown, were only used in ancient times, when castles were built for defence. The parapet being thus projected from the wall, and openings being left between the stones, missiles of different kinds could be thrown down on the assailants. Such edifices were never placed but in situations that afforded some natural means of defence ; such as eminences, prominences projecting into lakes or the sea, or rocky steeps. Hence, to build such a castle in a tame flat situation would be improper, because the illusion would not be kept up. For this Design we are indebted to the author of the preceding one. Design XXI. — A Villa in the latest Style of Pointed Architecture, with an Essay on the Application of that Style to domestic Purposes. 1867. This Design, of which fig. 1607 is a small perspective view, has been con- tributed, together with the essay that accompanies it, by E. Trotman, Esq., a young Architect, who bids rair to rise to the very summit of his profession. We consider it unnecessary to say any thing on the architectural beauty of the elevations of this Design, because it must strike the eye of every reader ; but we must request the careful perusal of the essay, which we do not hesitate to affirm that we consider one of the best which has hitherto been published on the subject of which it treats. 1868. Accmmodatian. In the ground plan, fig. 1608, a indicates the porch; h, the hall, sixteen teet by Itr. feet, lighted by sash-doors, as expressed in the elevation; c, dining-room, twenty-eight feet by sixteen feet, and fifteen feet high, to which the old appendage of the oriel window is attached, though with some difference of character and position ; </, conservatory, eighteen feet by eight feet, which may conmiunicate or not
