VILLAS IN VARIOUS STYLES. 951 servient to heating the whole of that wing ; while a boiler fixed under the staircase in the other wing would heat the whole of that part of the house. Flat pipes will not stand pressure, and must be used with great caution at all times; for, as they are usually made, they abound in bad weld- ings, which are not discovered till, by the pressure, and conse- quent expansion, of the heated fluid, they burst or leak." 1918. The follow- ing Observations on Italian Architecture are chiefly by Mr. Lamb. The Archi- tecture of modern Italy, in a general point of view, is of two distinct kinds j viz. that of the towns or cities, and that of the villas or country- houses. The Archi- tecture of the cities is finely exemplified in the buildings of Rome and Florence, and is characterised by great simplicity in the gene- ral masses, and great distinctness in the de- tails. We have only to refer to the street palaces of Rome, Flo- rence, and Genoa, or to the successful imi- tation of this style, in all its simplicity and severity, in a palace, fig. 1661, just com- pleted at Munich, by the king of Bavaria. 1919. The nOa Architecture of Italy, on the other hand, when on a large and magnificent scale, is either characterised by low horizontal forms, extending over con- siderable space, and symmetrical in the plan and elevation ; or, when on a mo- derate scale, by scat-
