Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/80

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‘cord, noose,’ Lat. tenus, n, ‘cord,’ Sans. tantu-s, tantrî, ‘wire, cord, Gr. τένων, ‘sinew,’ are closely allied in meaning to Dohne. So too OHG. donên (Goth. *þunan), ‘to exert oneself.’

Dokes, Douches, m., ‘fundament,’ a Jewish word, but of doubtful etymology; hardly from Hebr. táchath, ‘underneath.’

Dolch, m., ‘dagger, dirk,’ simply ModHG. (from the beginning of the 16th cent.), derived like the equiv. Du., Dan., and Swed. dolk, from Slav. (Bohem. and Pol. tulich?).

Dolde, f., ‘umbel,’ from MidHG. tolde, f., ‘top or crown of a plant or tree,’ OHG. toldo, m.; the ModHG. word has apparently a LG. initial sound. The root is dul (pre-Teut. dhel), as is indicated by OHG. tola, ‘grape-stalk.’ From Aryan dhel, Gr. θόλος, ‘dome’ (allied in meaning to ModHG. Dolde, ‘umbel’), is formed by gradation. Yet θάλλω, ‘to sprout, bloom,’ θάλος, n., ‘young shoot, twig, may also be cognates.

Dole, f., ‘canal,’ from MidHG. *dol, OHG. dola, f., ‘pipe’; akin to LG. and Fris. dole, ‘pit, ditch.’

Dolmetsch, m., ‘interpreter,’ from the equiv. MidHG. tolmetsche, tolmetze, tulmetsche; a Turk. word (North Turk. tilmač) which found its way into MidHG. through Magyar (tolmács) or Slav. (OSlov. tlǔmačĭ, Pol. tlumacz, Bohem. tlumač); also in MidHG. tolc, tolke (comp. further Du. tolk), ‘interpreter,’ from OSlov. tlŭkŭ (whence also Lith. tulkas, Lett. tulks, ‘interpreter’).

Dom, m., ‘cathedral, dome, cupola,’ ModHG. only, borrowed from Lat. domus (for domus dei; comp. the Goth. word gudhûs, ‘the house of God, church’). An earlier loan-word is OHG. tuom (also dôm), MidHG. tuom, ‘a bishop's collegiate church, cathedral,’ which was naturalised in Germany about the 9th cent.; comp. OHG. scuola from Lat. scŏla, as if it were scôla; so tuom for tôm from dŏmus; see Schule. The form Tum, developed from MidHG. tuom, kept its ground till the beginning of the last century.

Donner, m., ‘thunder,’ from the equiv. MidHG. doner, OHG. donar, m., corresponding to AS. þunor, E. thunder; Goth. *þunara-, m. It is the OTeut. name for thunder, under which also the weather-god was worshipped (see Donnerstag). The name comes from the Aryan root ten, discussed under dehnen, Dohne, and dünn. In its application to sound we meet with this

root in Gr. τόνος, ‘string, rope, stretching, tone, accent,’ Sans. root tan, ‘to resound, roar, tanayitnú-s, ‘roaring, thundering,’ Lat. tonare (AS. þunian, Goth. *þunôn, ‘to thunder’), Lat. tonitrus; the latter correspondences are, on account of their meaning, the most closely allied to the Teut. words.

Donnerstag, ‘Thursday,’ from MidHG. donerstac, dunrestac, OHG. donarestag; comp. Du. donderdag, AS. þunresdœg, E. Thursday, OIc. þórsdagr; the day sacred to the OTeut. god þunar (OHG. Donar, OLG. Thunar, OIc. þórr for þōnruz); see Dienstag and Woche. A remarkable form occurs in MidHG. (Bav.), pfinz-tac, ‘Thursday,’ from the equiv. Gr. πέμπτη.

doppeln, vb., ‘to play at dice,’ from the equiv. MidHG. doppeln, from MidHG. toppel, ‘dice-playing,’ which corresponds to Fr. doublet, ‘doublet’ (at dice). See Daus.

doppelt, adj. (a parallel form, Doppel, occurs in the compounds Doppeladler, Doppelgänger), ‘double, duplicate, twofold,’ ModHG. only, from Fr. double; MidHG. dublin, ‘double,’ is a deriv. from the same source. The final t of the ModHG. word is a secondary suffix, as in Art, Obst.

Dorf, n., ‘village, hamlet,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. dorf, n.; an OTeut. word; comp. OSax. thorp, Du. dorp, AS. þorp, E. thorp, throp (existing now only in proper names); OIc. þorp, ‘hamlet’; Goth. þaúrp signifies ‘fields, land,’ while in the other dialects the ModHG. meaning of the word is current (in Goth. haims, ‘village’; see Heim). The meaning of ModHG. (Swiss) dorf, ‘visit, meeting,’ connected perhaps with OSlov. trŭgŭ, ‘market,’ deserves special notice. If the history of the word is rendered difficult by such variations of meaning, it is made still more so by the Kelt. *tṛbo, ‘village’; W. tref, ‘village’ (to which the name of the OGall. tribe Atrebates is allied), also connected with Lat. tribus, ‘tribe.’ Moreover, OIc. þyrpa, ‘to crowd,’ is closely akin to Gr. τύρβη, Lat. turba, ‘band.’ Note too AS. þrĕp, þrôp, ‘village,’ Lith. trobà, f., ‘building.’

Dorn, m., ‘thorn, prickle,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. dorn, m.; corresponds to Goth. þaurnus, OIc. þorn, AS. þorn, E. thorn, Du. doorn, OSax. thorn, ‘thorn’; from pre-Teut. trnu-. Comp. OSlav. trŭnŭ, ‘thorn,’ Sans. tṛna, ‘blade of grass.’