Here we have Simeon and Levi, two of Jacob's sons, young men not much above twenty years old, cutting the throats of the Shechemites, and thereby breaking the heart of their good father.
1. Here is the barbarous murder of the Shechemites; Jacob himself was used to the sheep-hook, but his sons had got swords by their sides, as if they had been the seed of Esau, who was to live by his sword; we have them here,
1. Slaying the inhabitants of Shechem, all the males; Hamor and Shechem particularly, with whom they had been treating in a friendly manner but the other day, yet with a design upon their lives. Some think that all Jacob's sons, when they wheedled the Shechemites to be circumcised, designed to take advantage of their soreness, and to rescue Dinah from among them; but that Simeon and Levi, not content with that, would themselves avenge the injury—and they did it with a witness. Now, (1.) It cannot be denied,but that God was righteous in it. Had the Shechemites been circumcised, in obedience to any command of God, their circumcision would have been their protection; but when they submitted to that sacred rite, only to serve a turn, to please their prince, and to enrich themselves, it was just with God to bring this upon them. Note, As nothing serves us better than true religion, so nothing exposes us more than religion only pretended to. (2.) But Simeon and Levi were most unrighteous. [1.] It was true that Shechem had wrought folly in Israel, in defiling Dinah; but it ought to have been considered how far Dinah herself had been accessary to it. Had Shechem abused her in her own mother's tent, it had been another matter; but she went upon this ground, and perhaps by her indecent carriage had struck the spark which began the fire: when we are severe upon the sinner, we ought to consider who was the tempter. [2.] It was true that Shechem had done ill, but he was endeavouring to atone for it, and was as honest and honourable, ex post facto—after the deed, as the case would admit: it was not the case of the Levite's concubine that was abused to death, nor does he justify what he has done, but courts a reconciliation upon any terms. [3.] It was true that Shechem had done ill; but what was that to all the Shechemites? Does one man sin, and will they be wroth with all the town? Must the innocent fall with the guilty? This was barbarous indeed. [4.] But that which above all aggravated the cruelty, was, the most perfidious treachery that was in it. The Shechemites had submitted to their conditions, and had done that upon which they had promised to become one people with them; (v. 16. ) yet they act as sworn enemies to those to whom they were lately become sworn friends, making as light of their covenant, as they did of the laws of humanitv. And are these the sons of Israel? Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce. [5.] This also added to the crime that they made a holy ordinance of God subservient to their wicked design, so making that odious; as if it were not enough for them to shame themselves and their family, they bring a reproach upon that honourable badge of their religion; justly would it be called a bloody ordinance.
2. Seizing the prey of Shechem, and plundering the town; they rescued Dinah, (v. 26.) and if that was all they came for, they might have done that without blood, as appears by their own showing, (v. 17.) but they aimed at the spoil; and though Simeon and Levi only were the murderers, yet it is intimated that others of the sons of Jacob came upon the slain, and spoiled the city, (v. 27.) and so became accessary to the murder; in them it was manifest injustice, yet here we may observe the righteousness of God. The Shechemites were willing to gratify the sons of Jacob by submitting to the penance of circumcision, upon this principle, Shall not their cattle and their substance be ours; (v. 23.) and see what was the issue; instead of making themselves masters of the wealth of Jacob's family, Jacob's family become masters of their wealth. Note, Those who unjustly grasp at that which is another's, justly lose that which is their own.
II. Here is Jacob's resentment of this bloody deed of Simeon and Levi, v. 30. Two things he bitterly complains of,
1. The reproach they had brought upon him thereby; Ye have troubled me, put me into a disorder, for ye have made me to stink among the inhabitants of the land, that is, "Ye have rendered me and my family odious among them. What will they say of us and our religion? We shall be looked upon as the most perfidious barbarous people in the world." Note, The gross misconduct of wicked children is the grief and shame of their godly parents. Children should be the joy of their parents; but wicked children are their trouble, sadden their hearts, break their spirits, and make them go mourning from day to day. Children should be an ornament to their parents; but wicked children are their reproach, and are as dead flies in their pot of ointment: but let such children know, that if they repent not, the grief they have caused to their parents, and the damage religion has sustained in its reputation through them, will come into the account and be reckoned for.
2. The ruin they had exposed him to; what could be expected, but that the Canaanites, who were numerous and formidable, would confederate against him, and he and his little family would become an easy prey to them? I shall be destroyed, I and my house. If all the Shechemites must be destroyed for the offence of one, why not all the Israelites for the offence of two? Jacob knew indeed that God had promised to preserve and perpetuate his house; but he might justly fear that these vile practices of his children would amount to a forfeiture, and cut off the entail. Note, When sin is in the house, there is reason to fear ruin at the door. The tender parents foresee those bad consequences of sin, which the wicked children have no dread of.
One would think this should have made them to relent, and they should have humbled themselves to their good father, and begged his pardon; but, instead of that they justify themselves, and give him this insolent reply, Should he deal with our sister as with an harlot? No, he should not; but if he do, must they be their own avengers? Will nothing less than so many lives, and the ruin of a whole city, serve to atone for an abuse done to one foolish girl? By their question they tacitly reflect upon their father, as if he would have been content to let them deal with his daughter as with an harlot. Note, It is common for those who run into one extreme, to reproach and censure those who keep the mean, as if they ran into the other. Those who condemn the rigour of revenge, shall be misrepresented, as if they countenanced and justified the offence.
CHAP. XXXV.
In this chapter, we have three communions, and three funerals. I. Three communions between God and Jacob. 1. God ordered Jacob to Beth-el; and, in obedience to that order, he purged his house of idols, and prepared for that journey, v. 1..5. 2. Jacob built an altar at Beth-el, to the honour of God that had appeared to him, and in performance of his vow, v. 6, 7. 3. God appeared to him again, and confirmed the change of his name, and the covenant with him, (v. 9..13.) of which appearance Jacob made a grateful acknowledgment, v. 14, 15. II. Three funerals. 1. Deborah's, v. 8. 2. Rachel's, v. 16..20. 3. Isaac's, v. 27..29. Here is also Reuben's incest, (v. 22.) and an account of Jacob's sons, v. 23..26.
