Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/123

From Wikisource
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This page has been validated.
ESSAY II
111

person plural only the nucleus ra is Common IN, the attendant articles vary, they are chiefly i or si, thus forming ira or sira.

125. The pronounI ”. Philippines, Bis.: ako — Celebes, Tontb.: aku — Borneo, Day.: aku — Java, Old Jav.: aku — Sumatra, Gayo: aku — Malay Peninsula, Mal.: aku — Madagascar, Hova: ahu and zahu < i + aku (§ 44) — Northern Border, Bat.: ako — Eastern Border, Masaretese: yako < i + ako — South-Western Border, Mentaway: aku.

126. The pronoun “ thou ”. Philippines, Bis.: ikao < i + kaw — Celebes, Mak.: kaw — Borneo, Day.: ikaw — Java, Old Jav.: ko — Sumatra, Mkb.: kaw — Malay Peninsula, Mal.: kaw and ĕṅkaw — Eastern Border, Sumbawarese: kaw.

Note.—Old Jav. ko for kaw in accordance with the parallel: lod < lawd < laud.

127. The pronoun “ he ”. Philippines, Ibanag: ya — Celebes, Mak.: iya — Borneo, Sampit: iyae — Near Java, Bal.: iya — Sumatra, Angkola: ia — Malay Peninsula, Mal.: iya — Madagascar, Hova: izi < iya (§§ 18 and 24) — Eastern Border, Sumbawarese: ia — South-Western Border, Nias: ia.

128. The pronoun “ we ”. Philippines, Inv.: kami — Celebes, Tontb.: kami — Borneo, Bol.: kami — Java, Old Jav.: kami — Sumatra, Gayo: kami — Malay Peninsula, Mal.: kami — Eastern Border, Masaretese: kami.

129. The pronoun “ you ”. Philippines, Ibanag: kamu — Celebes, Tontb.: kamu — Java, Old Jav.: kamu — Sumatra, Karo, in certain districts: kamu — Malay Peninsula, Mal.: kamu.

Note.—Of all the above-mentioned personal pronouns kamu has the most restricted distribution, and accordingly we have some hesitation in pronouncing it to be Common IN.

130. The pronoun “ they ”. Philippines, Ibanag: ira — Celebes, Bareqe: sira — Borneo, Bol.: sida — Java, Old Jav.: sira — Sumatra, Toba: nasida — Eastern Border, Masaretese: sira — South-Western Border, Nias: ira.