Original IN puluh, "ten", but h has again been evolved from k, hence Hova hazu < Original IN kayu, "tree".
The modified ("Umlaut") vowels ä ö ü.[1]
The nasalized vowels.[2]
The cerebrals.[3]
The spirants y, χ; š, z; f.[4]
Fixed and Varying Pronunciation.
44. Some of the IN languages have a constant pronunciation of their sounds, others exhibit variations in some sound or other. In the Philippine languages "i is often not to be distinguished from e" (Scheerer). In Dayak "the sound of o varies between o and u, indeed the same person in uttering the same word will pronounce the sound sometimes more like an o, and at other times more like a u" (Hardeland). Probably Bontok exhibits the extreme of arbitrariness in this respect; thus (inter alia) in the short story entitled Rolling in Seidenadel-Texts, pp. 555 seqq., one and the same narrator pronounces the word for "then" sometimes isaed and sometimes išaed (see Rolling 1 and Rolling 10).