Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/65

90. We will now illustrate by a single case how a number of different formatives may combine with one and the same root in various IN languages. The root selected for the purpose is suk, which means “ to enter, to bring into ”.

Old Jav.: pasuk, “ to enter ”; asuk, “ to bring into, to put on ”; raṅsuk, “ clothing ”; rasuk, “ fighting dress ”; susuk, “ to penetrate ”, isuk, “ morning ”, i.e. “ entry of day ”.

Mal.: masuq (for masuk), “ to enter, to be on a person's side ”, esuq (for esuk), “ morrow ”.*

Karo: pasuk, “ to knock in, to penetrate ”; sĕluk, “ to put on ”.

Achinese: rasuk, “ peg ”.

Day.: masuk, “ to enter, to become ”.

Toba: pasuk, susuk, “ to make into something, to found ”.

Mlg.: isuka, “ to become engaged ”.†

Sund.: tusuk, “ to stick into ”; tisuk, “ to stab ”.

Tag.: tosok,‡ “ to make a hole ”.

Bis.: dasok, “ to stuff into ”; osok, “ peg ”; bogsok, “ stake ”.

Nabaloi: usokan, “ entrance ”.

Tiruray: suku, “ sharp stake for stabbing ”.§

91. A considerable number of word-bases recur in very many IN languages with absolute phonetic concordance, that is to say with the same root and the same formative'. — At this juncture we must interpolate a phonetic law of Iloko: Original IN ĕ appears in Iloko as e, and when this e is in the penultimate syllable, the next following consonant is doubled. Accordingly Original IN, and also Karo, etc., ĕnĕm, “ six ”, appears in Iloko as ennem. — Now follow the examples:

Meaning: “ to enclose, cage ”. — Type: Old Jav., Mal., Karo, Gayo, Mak. kuruṅ; Tag. koloṅ, by the RLD-law. — Root ruṅ, whence also comes Karo karuṅ, “ sack ”.

Meaning: “ past, away ”. — Type: Old Jav., Mal, Sund. lĕpas; Toba lopas, by the law given in § 19; Mlg. lefa, in con-

^{* [Malay pronounces Original IN final k as q : see Essay IV, § 150, 1.]
† Cf. Mal. “ to be on a person's side. ”
‡ As to the o in Philippine languages, see the note to § 25.
§ [See also Essay II, § 116.]}