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CONTENTS.
EMBRYOLOGY. The Animal Cell. Cytoplasm 35 Nucleus 36 Reproduction of Cells 36 Prophase 36 Metaphase 36 Anaphase 36 Telophase 38 The Ovum Yolk 39 Germinal Vesicle 40 Coverings of the Ovum 40 Maturation of the Ovum 40 The Spermatozoön 42 Fertilization of the Ovum 44 Segmentation of the Fertilized Ovum. The Primitive Streak; Formation of the Mesoderm 47 Ectoderm 47 Entoderm 49 Mesoderm 49 The Neural Groove and Tube 50 The Notochord 52 The Primitive Segments 52 Separation of the Embryo 53 The Yolk-sac 54 Development of the Fetal Membranes and Placenta. The Allantois 54 The Amnion 56 The Umbilical Cord and Body-stalk 57 Implantation or Imbedding of the Ovum 58 The Decidua 59 The Chorion 60 The Placenta 62 Fetal Portion 62 Maternal Portion 63 Separation of the Placenta 64 The Branchial Region. The Branchial or Visceral Arches and Pharyngeal Pouches 65 The Nose and Face 67 The Limbs 71 Development of the Body Cavities 72 The Form of the Embryo at Different Stages of its Growth 74 OSTEOLOGY. Long Bones 79 Short Bones 79 Flat Bones 79 Irregular Bones 80 Surfaces of Bones 80 Development of the Skeleton. The Skeleton 80 The Vertebral Column 80 The Ribs 82 The Sternum 83 The Skull 83 Bone. Structure and Physical Properties 86 Periosteum 87 Marrow 87 Vessels and Nerves of Bone 88 Minute Anatomy 89 Chemical Composition 91 Ossification 91 Intramembranous Ossification 91 Intercartilaginous Ossification 93 The Vertebral Column. General Characteristics of a Vertebra. The Cervical Vertebræ 97 The First Cervical Vertebra 99 The Second Cervical Vertebra 100 The Seventh Cervical Vertebra 101 The Thoracic Vertebra 102 The First Thoracic Vertebra 104 The Ninth Thoracic Vertebra 104 The Tenth Thoracic Vertebra 104 The Eleventh Thoracic Vertebra 104 The Twelfth Thoracic Vertebra 104 The Lumbar Vertebræ 104 The Fifth Lumbar Vertebra 106 The Sacral and Coccygeal Vertebræ 106 The Sacrum 106 The Coccyx 111 Ossification of the Vertebral Column 111 The Vertebral Column as a Whole. Curves 114 Surfaces 114 Vertebral Canal 116 The Thorax. Boundaries 117 The Sternum 119 Manubrium 120 Body 120 Xiphoid Process 121 The Ribs 123 Common Characteristics of the Ribs 123 Peculiar Ribs 125 First Rib 125 Second Rib 125 Tenth Rib 126 Eleventh and Twelfth Ribs 126 The Costal Cartilages 127
