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CONTENTS
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The Femur 242 The Upper Extremity 243 The Head 243 The Neck 243 The Trochanters 244 The Body or Shaft 246 The Lower Extremity 247 The Architecture of the Femur 248 The Patella 255 The Tibia 256 The Upper Extremity 256 The Body or Shaft 257 The Lower Extremity 259 The Fibula 260 The Upper Extremity or Head 260 The Body or Shaft 260 The Lower Extremity or Lateral Malleolus 262 The Foot. The Tarsus 263 The Calcaneus 263 - The Tarsus—
The Talus 266 The Cuboid Bone 269 The Navicular Bone 270 The First Cuneiform Bone 270 The Second Cuneiform Bone 271 The Third Cuneiform Bone 271 The Metatarsus 272 Common Characteristics of the Metatarsal Bones 272 Characteristics of the Individual Metatarsal Bones 272 The First Metatarsal Bone 272 The Second Metatarsal Bone 273 The Third Metatarsal Bone 274 The Fourth Metatarsal Bone 274 The Fifth Metatarsal Bone 274 The Phalanges of the Foot 275 Ossification of the Bones of the Foot 275 Comparison of the Bones of the Hand and Foot 276 The Sesamoid Bones 277 SYNDESMOLOGY. Bone 279 Hyaline Cartilage 279 Articular Cartilage 280 Costal Cartilage 281 White Fibrocartilage 281 Interarticular Fibrocartilages 281 Connecting Fibrocartilages 282 Circumferential Fibrocartilages 282 Stratiform Fibrocartilages 282 Ligaments 282 The Articular Capsules 282 Mucous Sheaths 283 Bursse Mucosæ 283 Development of the Joints 283 Classification of Joints Synarthrosis 284 Sutura 284 Schindylesis 284 Gomphosis 284 Synchondrosis 284 Amphiarthrosis 285 Diathrosis 285 Ginglimus 285 Trochoid 285 Condyloid 286 Articulation by Reciprocal Reception 286 Enarthrosis 286 Arthrodia 286 The Kind of Movement Admitted in Joints. Gliding Movement 286 Angular Movement 286 Circumduction 286 Rotation 287 Ligamentous Action of Muscles 287 Articulations of the Trunk. Articulations of the Vertebral Column 287 Articulations of Vertebral Bodies 287 The Anterior Longitudinal Ligament 287 The Posterior Longitudinal Ligament 288 The Intervertebral Fibrocartilages 289 Structure 289 Articulations of Vertebral Arches 289 The Articular Capsules 290 The Ligamenta Flava 290 The Supraspinal Ligament 290 - Articulations of the Vertebral Column—
- Articulations of Vertebral Arches—
The Ligamentum Nuchæ 290 The Interspinal Ligaments 291 The Intertransverse Ligaments 291 Articulation of the Atlas with the Epistropheus or Axis 292 The Articular Capsules 292 The Anterior Atlantoaxial Ligament 293 The Posterior Atlantoaxial Ligament 293 The Transverse Ligament of the Atlas 293 Articulations of the Vertebral Column with the Cranium 295 Articulation of the Atlas with the Occipital Bone 295 The Articular Capsules 295 The Anterior Atlantooccipital Membrane 295 The Posterior Atlantooccipital Membrane 296 The Lateral Ligaments 296 Ligaments Connecting the Axis with the Occipital Bone 296 The Membrana Tectoria 296 The Alar Ligaments 296 Articulation of the Mandible 297 The Articular Capsule 297 The Temporomandibular Ligament 297 The Sphenomandibular Ligament 297 The Articular Disk 298 The Stylomandibular Ligament 298 Costovertebral Articulations 299 Articulations of the Heads of the Ribs 299 The Articular Capsule 299 The Radiate Ligament 299 The Interarticular Ligament 300 Costotransverse Articulations 300 The Articular Capsule 301 The Anterior Costotransverse Ligament 301 The Posterior Costotransverse Ligament 301 The Ligament of the Neck of the Rib 302 The Ligament of the Tubercle of the Rib 302 Sternocostal Articulations 302 The Articular Capsules 302 The Radiate Sternocostal Ligaments 302 The Interarticular Sternocostal Ligament 303 The Costoxiphoid Ligaments 304 Interchondral Articulations 304 Costochondral Articulations 304 Articulation of the Manubrium and Body of the Sternum 304 Mechanism of the Thorax 304