menes, Anaxagoras, Archelaus, Parmenides, Leucippus, Democritus, Xenophanes, Ecpliantus, Hippo.
Among moral philosophers are Socrates, pupil of Archelaus the physicist, [and] Plato the pupil of Socrates. This [speculator] combined three systems of philosophy.
Among logicians is Aristotle, pupil of Plato. He systematized the art of dialectics. Among the Stoic [logicians] were Chrysippus [and] Zeno. Epicurus, however, advanced an opinion almost contrary to all philosophers. Pyrrho was an Academic;[1] this [speculator] taught the incomprehensibility of everything. The Brahmins among the Indians, and the Druids among the Celts, and Hesiod [devoted themselves to philosophic pursuits].
THE PROŒMIUM.
We must not overlook[2] any figment devised by those denominated philosophers among the Greeks. For even their incoherent tenets must be received as reliable, on account of the excessive madness of the heretics; who, from the observance of silence, and from concealing their own ineffable mysteries, have by many been supposed worshippers of God.[3] We have likewise, on a former occasion,[4] ex-
- ↑ This word is variously given thus: Academian, Academeian, Academaic, Academe, Cademian, and Cadimian. The two last would seem to indicate the character rather than the philosophy of Pyrrho. To favour this view, the text should be altered into καὶ ἂδημος, i.e. ἀπόδημος = from home, not domestic.
- ↑ Some hiatus at the beginning of this sentence is apparent.
- ↑ An elaborate defence of this position forms the subject of Cudworth's great work, The True Intellectual System of the Universe.
- ↑ This statement has been urged against Origen's authorship, in favour
of the ancient philosophers, is to be found in Aristotle's Metaphysics. The English reader is referred to the Metaphysics, book i, pp. 13–46 (Bohn's Classical Library), also to the translator's analysis prefixed to this work, pp. 17–25. See also Diogenes' Lives of the Philosophers, and Tenneman's Manual of Philosophy (translated in Bohn's Library); Plutarch, De Placitis Philosophorum; Lewes' Biographical History of (Ancient) Philosophy; and Rev. Dr. F. D. Maurice's History of (Ancient) Metaphysical and Moral Philosophy. The same subject is discussed in Ritter's History of Philosophy (translated by Morrison).
