As a whole, the Slav languages are distinguished by striking similarities of structure and vocabulary. The so-called "aspects" of the verb are common to them all; while the numerous noun inflections are lacking only in Bulgarian. This language, it may be added, differs from the rest also by the use of a definite article, which is suffixed to the noun. The same construction exists in two other Balkan, but non-Slav languages, Albanian and Roumanian.
The following lists will give some idea of the degrees of affinity between the chief Slav languages:—
| Russian. | Polish | Czech | Serbo-Croat | Slovene. |
| pólnye (full) | pełny | pln(ý) | pun(i) | poln(i) |
| otyéts (father) | ojciec | otec | otac | otec |
| dyen' (day) | dzien | den | dan | den (dan) |
| byedá (woe) | biada | bída | biéda | béda |
| dólgie (long) | długi | dlouhý | dug(i) | dolg(i) |
These few examples might lead an observer to deduce a closer similarity than would be justified by comparing the languages in the bulk, and taking into account something more than isolated words. Many of the Slavs themselves are apt to exaggerate to the extent to which their languages resemble each other. M. Léger tells of a Slovak who was convinced that his native dialect would be freely understood in Moscow; he was soon disillusioned. V. Hrubý asserts in his "Com-
