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church, but in December, 1870, were removed and placed beneath the floor of the chancel. The centennial anniversary of his consecration was ap- propriately celebrated in Lambeth palace, Lon- don, and in Christ church, Philadelphia. Besides the " Pastoral Letters " of the house of bishops (1808-1835), five addresses to the trustees, pro- fessors, and students of the General theological seminary (1822-9), and episcopal charges, Bishop White published " Lectures on the Catechism " (Philadelphia, 1813) ; " Comparative View of the Controversy between the Calvinists and the Armin- ians" (2 vols., 1817) ; " Memoirs of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America " (1820 ; 2d ed., with continuation, New York, 1835) ; and " Commentary on Questions in the Ordination Offices " and " Commentary on Duties of Public Ministry " (1 vol., 1833). His " Opinions on Inter- changing with Ministers of Non-Episcopal Com- munions, Extracted from his Charges, Addresses, Sermons, and Pastoral Letters," appeared in 1868. See his life by Rev. Dr. Bird Wilson (Philadelphia, 1839). Portraits of Bishop White have been painted by Gilbert Stuart, Thomas Sully, and Henry In- man. The accompanying vignette is copied from a drawing by James B. Longacre.

WHITE, William, Canadian official, b. in Lon- don, England, 6 Jan., 1830. He was educated at Burlington House school. Hammersmith, and en- tered the English civil service in 1846, but resigned in 1854, and the same year entered the Canadian post-office department. He became its secretary in 1861 and deputy postmaster-general in July, 1888. Mr. White was appointed a member of the royal commission to inquire into the organization of the Canadian civil-service commission in June, 1880. He is lieutenant-colonel of the 4th battalion, and commanded the Canadian team at the matches of the National rifle association at Wimbledon, England, in 1884, when it won the Kolopore cup. He has published " Post-Office Gazetteer of Cana- da" (Ottawa, 1872), and "Annals of Canada" in the " Canadian Monthly Magazine."

WHITE, William Charles, dramatist, b. in Boston, Mass.. in 1777; d. in Worcester, Mass., 2 May, 1818. He was the son of a merchant, but left the counting-room for the stage in 1796, ap- pearing as Norval in the Federal street theatre, Boston, Mass. At the same time he produced a tradegy called " Orlando," but, meeting with small encouragement, turned his attention to law, and opened an office in Providence, R. I., in 1800. He returned to the stage for a few months in the same year, but finally abandoned it in 1801, and for a short time was an editor of the " National ^Egis." In 1811 he became county attorney. He published and produced the plays "The Country Cousin" (Boston, 1810), and "The Poor Lodger" (1810). He is the author of a " Compendium of the Laws of Massachusetts " (3 vols., 1810).

WHITE, William N., horticulturist, b. in Wal- ton, N. Y., in 1819; d. in Athens, Ga., 14 July, 1867. He settled in Athens, Ga., where he became a bookseller, and for many years previous to his death edited the " Southern Cultivator," the only agricultural paper that sustained itself during the civil war. Mr. White was an authority in practi- cal agriculture and all matters relating to farm- ing. He published " Gardening for the South, or the Kitchen and Fruit Garden " (New York, 1856), and "Scientific Gardening" (1866).

WHITEAVES, Joseph Frederick, Canadian naturalist, b. in Oxford, England, 26 Dec, 1835. He began the study of zoology when about twenty years of age, and later that of the invertebrate palaeontology of the Jurassic rocks in the immedi- ate vicinity of his native city. He published some of the results of his investigations in palaeontology in the " Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science" for 1860, and in the "Annals and Magazine of Natural History " (Lon- don, 1861). He removed to Canada in 1861, from 1863 till 1876 was scientific curator and recording secretary to the Natural history society of Mon- treal, and contributed many articles on Canadian zoology and paleontology to its journal, the " Ca- nadian Naturalist and Geologist." During 1867-'73 he prosecuted five deep-sea dredging expeditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the last three under the auspices of the department of marine and fisheries of the Dominion government. Large numbers of marine invertebrates were collected by him, among •them several species that had not previously been found in America. He published articles descrip- tive of the result of these investigations in the re- ports of the department of marine and fisheries, in the "Canadian Naturalist," the "Annals and Maga- zine of Natural History " of London, and the "American Journal of Science." He first, joined the geological survey of Canada in 1874. was elected palaeontologist and zoologist to the survey in 1876, and subsequently became one of the assistant di- rectors. He has published illustrated monographs on the invertebrate fossils of the upper cretaceous rocks of Vancouver and adjacent islands, on those of the middle cretaceous rocks of the Queen Char- lotte islands, of the Guelph formation of western Canada, of the Laramie and cretaceous rocks of the Bow and Belly river districts, and on the fossil fishes of the Devonian rocks of eastern Canada. In addition to annual reports of the survey, he has contributed papers to the transactions of vari- ous learned societies.

WHITEFIELD, George (whit'-field), clergy- man, b. in Gloucester, England, 27 Dec, 1714; d. in Newburyport. Mass.. 30 Sept., 1770. His father, an innkeeper, died, leaving the son an infant of two years in charge of the mother, who sent him to the public school. When fifteen years old he re- fused to attend school longer, going to work in the hotel. At this period he composed sermons and in other ways exhibited the bent of the future orator, and at the age of eighteen he embraced an opportunity to enter Pembroke college, Oxford^as a servitor. He had already entered on a life of religious zeal and self-denial, and he now sought the counsels of Charles Wesley, and adopted the rules of the Methodists. He visited the sick inthealmshouse and the prison- ers in the jail, and reclaimed some to a life of piety. The bish- op of Glouces- ter, on 20 June, 1736, ordained him deacon be- fore he had taken

his degree. He

returned to Oxford, was graduated and remained to continue his studies and his ministrations among the prisoners, leaving in August to officiate for two months as chaplain of the Tower of London.