Wiley was instrumental in establishing a publish- ing-house at Greensboro' to supply the state with text-books ; also in organizing at Columbia, S. C, an educational association for the Confederacy, and in establishing a North Carolina state educa- tional association, of whose journal he was one of the editors. He founded with William D. Cooke the "Southern Weekly Post" of Raleigh, which he also edited, published and edited the " Oxford Mercury," was one of the founders of the " North Carolina Presbyterian," and contributed to other journals. In addition to school-books, he pub- lished " Alamance, or the Great and Final Experi- ment." a novel (New York, 1847) ; " Adventures of Old Dan Tucker with his Son Walter" (London, 1851) ; " Utopia : a Picture of Early Life at the South " (Philadelphia, 1852) ; " Life in the South : a Companion to ' Uncle Tom's Cabin ' " (1852) ; " Scriptural Views of National Trials " (Greens- boro', 1863) ; and " Roanoke ; or Where is Uto- pia?" (Philadelphia, 1886).
WILEY, Harvey Washington, chemist, b. in
Kent, Jefferson co., Ind., 18 Oct., 1844. He was
graduated at Hanover college in 1867, and was
professor of Latin and Greek in 1868-71 at Butler
university, Indianapolis, also studying at Indiana
medical college, where he received the degree of
M. D. in 1871. After teaching science for a year
in the Indianapolis high-school, he entered the
Lawrence scientific school at Harvard, where he
was graduated with the degree of S. B. in 1873,
and then accepted the chair of chemistry at Butler
university, which institution gave him the degree
of Ph. D. in 1876. He studied chemistry at the
University of Berlin in 1878, and during 1874-'83
was professor at the Agricultural college of Indiana
(now Purdue university). He also held in 1881-'3
the office of state chemist of Indiana, and in 1883
he was appointed chemist of the L T . S. department
of agriculture in Washington, which place he has
since held. Prof. Wiley is a member of scientific
societies, and in 1886 was vice-president of the
American association for the advancement of
science, with charge of the section of chemistry.
He was also in 1886 president of the Chemical
society of Washington and of the Association of
official agricultural chemists. His work has been
chiefly in technology, and more especially in rela-
tion to food-products. The subjects of glucose and
grape-sugar were veiy thoroughly studied by him
while he was state chemist, and since his appoint-
ment in Washington he has investigated sorghum-
sugar. Prof. Wiley has published presidential and
college addresses, and his papers number more
than fifty. These include the results of his re-
searches, and have been published in scientific
journals, the transactions of societies of which he
is a member, and government reports.
WILEY, Isaac William, M. E. bishop, b. in
Lewistown. Pa., 29 March, 1825; d. in Foochow,
China, in November, 1884. At fourteen years of
age he went to an academy to fit for college, hoping
to be a minister, and in his eighteenth year he was
licensed as lay preacher. Owing to impaired health,
he gave up the idea of entering the ministry, and
in 1844 he was graduated at the medical depart-
ment of the University of the city of New York.
In 1846 he began medical practice in western Penn-
sylvania, where he continued several years with
success. In 1850 he offered himself as a minister
to the Philadelphia conference, but there was no
room for him. At this time Dr. John P. Durbin,
hearing of his abilities as a physician and his
desire to enter the ministry, induced him to go
to China as medical missionary. At Foochow, in
, his wife died, and in the following year he
brought back his motherless children to the United
States. He entered the ministry in New Jersey,
and, after filling pastorates for four years, became
principal of Pennington seminary, which post he
filled until 1863. In 1864 the general conference
elected him editor of the "Ladies' Repository,"
published in Cincinnati. In 1872 he was made
bishop. As a pastor Dr. Wiley was useful and
highly respected, as principal of a seminary he
was greatly beloved, and as an editor his taste was
excellent and his style chaste. As a bishop he was
prudent, deliberate, and clear, and seldom fell into
any error either of the interpretation of constitu-
tional or parliamentary law, or the selection of
men for particular posts. He died in China on an
episcopal tour to the missions that he had done so
much to found. His death took place in a house
on the very lot that he had occupied as a missionary
thirty-two years before. Bishop Wiley received the
degree of D. D. from Wesleyan university in 1864,
and that of LL. D. from Ohio Wesleyan university
in 1879. He published " The Fallen Missionaries
of Fuh-Chau" (New York, 1858), and "Religion
in the Family " ; and among other works edited
Rev. Thomas R. Birks's " The. Bible and Moslem
Thought " (Cincinnati, 1864) ; " The Life and Work
of Earnest Men," by Rev. W. K. Tweedie (1864) ;
and Friedrich Tholuck's "Christ of the Gospels
and of Criticism " (1865).
WILHORST, Cora de, singer, b. in New York
city, 16 Oct., 1835. Her maiden name was Withers,
and her father belonged to a well-known New York
family. Her maternal grandfather, David Dun-
ham, was associated with Robert Fulton in the
construction of the first steamboat. Cora was
educated in her native city, studied music, and
became separated from her family through her
marriage with her music-teacher Henri, Comte de
Wilhorst. She then appeared in concerts with
Sigismund Thalberg, the pianist, her debut tak-
ing place at Newport, R. I., 21 Aug., 1856. She
made her first appearance in opera at the New York
academy of music as Lucia, 28 Jan., 1857. After
visiting Paris and singing with Mario in "Don
Pasquale," she returned to this country and began
an operatic engagement in Philadelphia, 2 Nov.,
1858. During the next four years Mme. de Wil-
horst sang in the United States, opening the first
opera-house in Cincinnati and trie first music-
hall in Chicago. She retired from the stage in
1860, but resumed her profession in Paris in 1869,
singing in concerts. In 1870 she appeared in
" Rigoletto " in that city, taking the place of
Adelina Patti, who had gone to Russia. The
Franco-Prussian war compelled her to give up a
three- vears' engagement to sing in the French capi-
tal. In February, 1871, she sang for the first time
in Great Britain, appearing with Sims Reeves at
the Crystal palace, Sydenham. She remained in
England, taking part in oratorios, concerts, and
festivals until 1874, when she married Oliver de
Raucourt, and retired from the stage. In 1880 she
returned to the United States, where she has since
devoted herself to teaching singing. Mme. de
Wilhorst claims to be the first American singer
that began her operatic career in this country be-
fore studying abroad.
WILKES, Charles, naval officer, b. in New York city, 3 April, 1798 ; d. in Washington, D. C., 8 Feb., 1877. He entered the navy as a midshipman, 1 Jan.. 1818, and was promoted to lieutenant, 28 April, 1826. He was appointed to the department of charts and instruments in 1830. and was the first in the United States to set up fixed astro-
