soon to be published by the Spanish government. It is entitled “Historia del descubrimiento, de la conquista, y de la administración de la provincia de Santiago de Guatemala.” The recent state publication, “ Cartas de Indias” (Madrid, 1872), contains also several interesting memoirs of Zorrilla upon the administration of Pedro de Alvarado, the Indians of Guatemala, and the intestine divisions among the early conquerors.
ZORRILLA Y MORAL, José, Spanish poet,
b. in Valladolid, 21 Feb., 1817. He studied law in
Toledo and Valladolid. and became clerk to a jus-
tice of the peace in the latter city ; but he soon
devoted himself exclusively to literature. His
father, an attorney of reputation, being displeased
with his occupation, sent him home ; but young
Jose made his way to Madrid, where he remained
hidden for several weeks. On 15 Feb., 1837, at
the funeral of the noted poet Larra, he repeated an
elegy which was universally praised, and this was
the means of effecting a reconciliation with his
father. Zorrilla published, a few months later, his
first volume of poetry, which increased his reputa-
tion. After 1845 he resided partly in Paris and
partly in Brussels till about 1851, when he went
to Mexico and was director of the theatre in the
city of Mexico in 1853-'5. He wrote several come-
dies there, which were represented in Mexico and
in South America with great success. In 18G3
he returned to Mexico, was given an employment
in Emperor Maximilian's household, and published
several poems in praise of the emperor and his
wife, which were severely criticised by the patriots
and engaged their author in a controversy with a
Mexican poet. He left Mexico in 1865 for Spain,
where he has since partly resided. Zorrilla's works
include " Cantos del travador, colleccion de leyen-
das y tradiciones historicas " (3 vols., Madrid, 1841) ;
" Flores Perdidas" (1843) ; "El Zapatero y el rey,"
which is considered his best comedy (1844); "Gra-
nada," a long romantic poem, imitated from Vic-
tor Hugo, which is considered his masterpiece
(2 vols., Paris, 1853-4) ; "• Album de un loco "
(Madrid, 1867); and "Poema religioso" (1869).
Complete editions of his works have been pub-
lished several times (2 vols., Paris, 1847 ; 3 vols.,
1853 ; 6 vols., Madrid, 1877).
ZUAZO, Alonso (thoo-ah'-tho), Spanish jurist,
b. in Olmedo in 1466; d. in Santo Domingo in
1527. He was canon of Valladolid and well known
for his erudition, when he was attached as jurist
to the commission that was sent by Cardinal Xime-
nes to the New World at the solicitation of Bish-
op Las Casas. Zuazo's instructions gave him the
power of organizing justiee in the West Indies,
and appointing judges at his own discretion. After
liberating the Indians in Santo Domingo that had
been reduced to slavery by the Spanish officials,
Zuazo advised the commissioners to oppose Las
Casas's schemes of prohibiting forced labor entire-
ly, and thus won the support of the settlers, while
Las Casas denounced him to the court. Zuazo
befriended both the Indians and settlers, while he
was opposed by the officials. After Ximenes had
surrendered the regency to Charles V., Zuazo was
sent to Cuba in 1518 to organize the administra-
tion of justice there. At Diego Velazquez's ad-
vice, he went afterward to Mexico to settle the
quarrel between Garay and Cortes concerning the
government of Panuco, and was well received by
Cortes. In 1523 he returned to Cuba, and two
years later was appointed auditor of the audiencia
of Santo Domingo, which post he retained till his
death. An interesting memoir of Zuazo on the
condition of the Indians in Santo Domingo and
Cuba, written from Cuba in 1521, was published by
Joaquin Garcia Icazbalceta in his " Colleccion de
Documentos para la Historia de Mexico " (Mexico,
1858-'66), and another in which Zuazo recounts the
cruelties of the Spaniards in Santo Domingo and
Cuba, is mentioned by Icazbalceta.
ZUBLY, John Joachim, clergyman, b. in St.
Gall, Switzerland, in 1725 : d. in Savannah, Ga., 23
July, 1781. It is not known when he came to this
country, but in the early records of the Independ-
ent Presbyterian church in Savannah the follow-
ing entry appears: "On the 25th of April, 1758,
Mr. Zubly was called to Savannah from Wando
Neck, S. C, and accepted the call, preaching his
farewell sermon, 28 Jan., 1759, in the Independent
Presbyterian church in Charles Town [sic]. He
took charge of the Independent Presbyterian
church in Savannah the following year, 1760, be-
ing the first regular pastor." He was a man of
marked ability and learning, and in 1770 received
from Princeton the degree of D. D. In 1774 he
was a delegate to the Continental congress, and
was there selected to prepare a petition to the king
" upon the present unhappy situation of affairs."
He served also as member of the committee of cor-
respondence for Georgia. He wrote an emphatic
letter to Lord Dartmouth, 3 Sept., 1775, with refer-
ence to Lord Dunmore's attempt to incite the
negroes in Virginia to insurrection. He co-operated
zealously with the popular party until it became
evident that congress was about to declare the
independence of the United States. He declared
in congress that "a republic was little better than
a government of devils." Presently he opened a
correspondence with Sir James Wright, royal gov-
ernor of Georgia, in which he betrayed the plans
of the popular party. His conduct and language
exciting suspicion, he was closely watched, and
one of his letters was seized. These facts were
mentioned in congress by Samuel Chase, whereat
Dr. Zubly fled from Philadelphia and returned to
Georgia, where he threw off all disguise and made
common cause with the Tories. In 1777 he was
banished from Savannah with the loss of half his
estate. He then remained with Tory friends in
South Carolina until Sir James Wright was rein-
stated in the government of Georgia. Dr. Zubly
then returned to his pastoral work in Savannah,
and remained there until his death. He has left
his name upon Joachim street and Zubly street
in Savannah, and upon the hamlet of St. Gall.
See William B. Stevens's "History of Georgia"
(vol. ii., p. 121, New York, 1859), and Charles C.
Jones's " History of Georgia " (vol. ii., pp. 188-204,
Boston, 1883). The letter to Lord Dartmouth was
published, at the request of Gen. James Oglethorpe,
in the "London Magazine" for January, 1776.
ZULOAGA, Felix, president of Mexico, b. in Alamos, Chihuahua, in 1814; d. in the city of Mexico in 1876. In his twentieth year he entered the national guard as lieutenant, and served until 1837 on the frontier against the Apaches, entering the engineer corps the same year. He served during the riots of July, 1840, and against the secessionists of Yucatan in 1842-'3, and in the latter year was promoted lieutenant-colonel. During the preparations for the war against the United States he directed the construction of the defences of Monterey and Saltillo, and in 1847 fortified the southern approaches to the capital. In 1848 he retired to Chihuahua, but in 1853 was recalled to active service, promoted colonel, made president of the perpetual court-martial, and sent to the south against the revolution of Ayutla in 1854, as commander of a brigade. He was forced to capitulate
