States, but has spent much time abroad among the mission stations and conferences in Germany, Den- mark. Sweden, Norway, Bulgaria, and Italy, and also in India. He has been extensively occupied with literary labors, especially in the reproduction of the works of the best German authors in Eng- lish translations. He has translated Hagenbach's " History of the Church in the 18th and 19th Cen- turies " (2 vols., 1869) ; Van Oosterzee's " Lectures in Defence of John's Gospel " (1869) ; Lange"s " Romans " (1870) ; and Seneca's " Moral Essays." His original works are " History of Rationalism " (1865) ; " Martyrs to the Tract Cause " (1873) ; " Out- lines of Biblical History " (1873) ; " Life and Liter- ature in the Fatherland " (1874) ; " Our Theological Culture " ; " Bibliotheca Theologica " ; and "A General History of the Christian Church" (in preparation, 1887). Dickinson college has given im the degree of D. D., and Indiana Asbury university that of LL. D.
HURTADO DE MENDOZA, Andres (oor-tah -
do), marquis of Caiiete, viceroy of Peru, b. in Canete
about 1500; d. in Lima, Peru, 30 March, 1561. He
had served with distinction in the wars of Germany
and Flanders, and was royal chief-huntsman and
governor of Cuenca when Charles V. appointed
him in 1555 viceroy of Peru. He left Spain in the
same year, and, after arranging several difficulties
in Panama and subduing a revolution of the fugi-
tive negro slaves, entered Lima, 29 June, 1556. He
found the country in a very unsatisfactory situa-
tion in consequence of the scarcely subdued revolu-
tions of Sebastian del Castillo, Godinez, and Giron.
The audiencia had been ruling for nearly four
years, and its judges were in discord and arrogant
toward the viceroy, who immediately petitioned
the emperor for the recall of the most offensive.
The insurgents who had been pardoned were
turbulent, and those who had assisted the govern-
ment against them were clamoring for larger re-
wards, and the viceroy adopted despotic measures,
banishing the latter and cruelly persecuting and
executing the greater part of the former. He
founded the hospital of San Andres at Lima,
and had the mummies of the Incas Huiracocha,
Yupanqui, and Huaina Capac transported to the
vaults of the hospital, in order to remove them
from the fanatical superstition of the Indians at
Cuzco. In 1558 he founded the city of Cuenca
near the site of the former imperial residence of
Tomebampa, and in the same year re-established
the local jurisdiction of native chiefs. He also
induced the Inca Sayri Tupac, the last grandson
of Huaina Capac, to present himself in Lima, 5
Jan., 1560, renounce his claims to the throne, and,
receiving in baptism the name of Diego, to take
the title of Prince of Yucay, with a rich revenue.
In the same year, in order to get rid of turbulent
adventurers, the viceroy sent out several exploring
expeditions. Meanwhile continuous complaints
of Hurtado's arbitrary and cruel government had
reached court, and finally the king deprived him
of the government and sent as substitute Lopez de
Zuiiiga. who arrived at Paita in January, 1561,
and in his communications purposely treated Hur-
tado with disrespect. This, together with his re-
call, preyed on the latter's mind, and he fell sick
and died a short time before the arrival of his suc-
cessor in Lima. — His son, Garcia, fourth Marquis
of Canete. viceroy of Peru, b. in Cuenca in 1531 ;
d. in Spain about 1610, had served in his youth in
the wars of Italy. Flanders, and Germany, and in
1556 came to Peru in the retinue of his father,
who in the following year sent him as governor to
Chili, to adjust the dissensions which had broken
out after Valdivia's death. After arresting Villa-
gra and Aguirre, the rival leaders, he began at
once the campaign against the Araucanians, and
was generally fortunate, being greatly assisted by
constant re-enforcements from Peru. He founded
the cities of CaSete and Osorno, rebuilt Concepcion,
defeating and taking prisoners the caciques Gal-
varino and Caupolican, who were executed. He
sent an unsuccessful expedition to explore the
Strait of Magellan, and led an exploration along
the coast as far as Chiloe, which archipelago was
visited by some of his lieutenants. He repaired
and provisioned the forts of Arauco, Angol, and
Tucapel, and his lieutenants founded Mendoza and
San Juan on the east of the Andes. After the
death of his father, he returned to Spain, where
his administration was fully approved. On the
death of his elder brother, he inherited the estates
and title of Marquis of Canete, and was several
times sent by Philip II. on important diplomatic
missions. The king appointed him viceroy of Peru
in 1588, and he arrived on 28 Nov., 1589, in Callao,
where he despatched a vessel with re-enforcements
for Chili, and on 6 Jan., 1590, entered Lima and
took charge of the government. He began at
once, by royal order, to gather all available funds
and solicit donations for the war in the Netherlands
and against England, and before the end of the
year sent to Spain over 1,500.000 ducats in money,
besides a great quantity of plate and jewelry. It is
said that the ladies of Arequipa. scarcely without
exception, despoiled themselves of all their jewelry,
to contribute to the national cause. In view of
the probable invasion of the Pacific by an English
fleet, Garcia repaired the fortifications of Callao
and fitted out the men-of-war that were stationed
there, and when toward the end of 1593 Richard
Hawkins with two vessels passed the straits and
began his depredations, the viceroy despatched
three vessels under command of his brother-in-law,
Beltran del Castro, who defeated Hawkins and took
him prisoner. In 1592 the viceroy founded the
College of San Marcos, and from that year till
1593 sustained continuous litigation against the
encroachments of the archbishop. Finally, desir-
ing to enjoy his riches in Europe, he petitioned for
recall, and was succeeded in 1596 by the Marquis
of Salinas, formerly viceroy of Mexico. Hurtado
then sailed for Spain, where he was appointed gen-
tleman of the bedchamber. Pedro de Ona in his
" Arauco domado " praises Garcia and Suarez de
Figueroa in his life of the viceroy says Ercilla
(q. v.) was unjust toward him in his " Araucana,"
on account of the poet's expulsion from Chili.
HUSBANDS, Herman, patriot, b. in Pennsylvania; d. near Philadelphia in 1795. He was a member of the Society of Friends, and is said to have been related to Benjamin Franklin. After removing to Orange county, N. C, he served in the legislature of that colony, became obnoxious to the royalists from his independence, and was a leader of the "Regulators," an organization formed in 1768 for the redress of grievances, and was the particular object of William Tryon's persecutions, though he took no part in the resulting acts of violence. On 24 Sept.. 1770. the Regulators broke up the court at Hillsboro. maltreated some of the officials, and demolished the house of Edmund Fanning. His connection with the Regulators led to his expulsion from the legislature. 20 Dec., 1770, and on 31 Jan., 1771. he was arrested by order of Gov. Tryon for libel, and put in New Berne jail. On 16 May, 1771, a battle was fought on the banks of the Alamance creek between 1,000 men under Gov. Tryon and 2,000 Regulators, in
