est and most notable of Kentucky pioneers, built Irvine station, in Madison county, in 1778, and took part in most of the bloody frays with the savages at the time. He was at Little Mountain, where Capt. Estill and eighteen riflemen fought twenty -five Wyandot braves, and was badly wounded. He became clerk of the quarter ses- sions and county courts of Madison county, and afterward of the circuit court, was elected to the burgesses of Virginia from the district of Ken- tucky, was a delegate to the several conventions at Danville looking to the organization of a new state, and a member of the convention of 1799, which framed the second constitution of Kentucky. He was also several times a presidential elector.— His brother, Christopher, pioneer, d. in Ohio in 1786, was the comrade of William in all his pioneer adventures. The brothers jointly built and occu- pied the Irvine station. In 1786 Christopher led a company of men, under the command of Col. Ben Logan, against the Indians in northern Ohio, and was killed by a savage whom he was pursuing, and who, in turn, was killed by Irvine's men.
IRVING, Jacob Æmilius, Canadian states-
man, b. in Charleston, S. C, 29 Jan., 1797; d. at
Niagara Falls, 7 Oct., 1856. He was the son of
Jacob JEmilius Irving, of Ironshore, Jamaica, and
•of Liverpool. The son entered the British army at
an early age, served with the 13th light dragoons
through the Waterloo campaign, and was wounded
in the action of 18 June, 1815. On his return to
England he was presented with the freedom of the
•city of Liverpool in recognition of his gallant con-
duct and services in the war. In 1834 he came to
Canada, and in 1837 aided in suppressing the re-
bellion on the Niagara frontier. When the mu-
nicipal system was introduced he was selected as
first warden for the district of Simcoe. In 1843 he
became a member of the legislative council, and,
identifying himself with the Liberal party, took
part in the struggle with Lord Metcalf.
IRVING, John Beaufain, artist, b. in Charles-
ton, S. C, 26 Nov., 1825 ; d. in New York city, 20
April, 1877. He was educated at Charleston col-
lege, and undertook the management of the fami-
ly estate. He went to New York city to study
painting in 1847, but after a few months returned
•discouraged to his home. In 1851 he went to Diis-
seldorf, where he became the pupil of Leutze. He
remained in that city four years, and while there
•executed a large picture representing " Sir Thomas
More taking Leave of his Daughter on the Way
to his Execution." On his return to Charleston
he painted portraits, but did not follow art as a
profession until after the close of the civil war,
when, having lost his fortune, he removed to New
York city. He painted genre pictures, which at-
tracted attention by their spirited composition,
richness of coloring, and elaborate finish. His
refined style, careful manipulation of the brush,
and brilliant scheme of color, suggested, without
imitating, the Diisseldorf school, and caused him
to be compared later to Meissonier. He carried
his art to a degree of minute elaboration beyond
any other American painter, but was less happy in
the treatment of • historical subjects than in genre.
In 1867 he exhibited at the Academy of design
"The Splinter " and " The Disclosure." " Wine-Tasters," exhibited in 1869, secured his election as
an associate of the National academy. In 1871 he
sent a full-length portrait of Mrs. August Belmont.
"The End of the Game," exhibited in 1872, estab-
lished his reputation, and in that year he was
•chosen a full member of the academy. In 1874 he
exhibited " A Musketeer of the Seventeenth Cen-
tury " and " The Bookworm," and in 1875 " Cardi-
nal Wolsey and his Friends," which, with " The
End of the Game," was sent to the Centennial ex-
hibition in 1876. The same year he painted " King
Henry VIII. Merry-making." He sent to the
academy in 1876 " Off the Track." and in 1877 " A
Banquet at Hampton Court in the Sixteenth Cen-
tury." " The Last Rally " is one of his best pictures.
His " Connoisseurs " was exhibited at the Paris ex-
position of 1878. His last work was "Cardinal
Richelieu and Julie in the Garden of the Tuileries."
IRVING, Paulus .Km i litis, British soldier, b.
in Bonshaw, Dumfries, Scotland, 23 Sept., 1714 ; d.
in England, 22 April, 1796. He entered the army
at an early age, and, as major in command of the
15th' regiment of foot, served under Wolfe, and
was wounded on the Plains of Abraham. On 30
June, 1765, being then commander-in-chief of the
forces, he administered the government of the
province of Quebec during the absence of Gen.
Murray. In 1771 he was appointed lieutenant-
governor of Guernsey, and he was afterward gov-
ernor of Upnor Castle, Kent. — His son, Sir Paulus
jKmilius, bart., British soldier, b. in Waterford,
Ireland, 30 Aug., 1751 ; d. in Carlisle, England, 31
Jan., 1828, entered the army, and was lieutenant of
the 47th regiment of foot in 1764, captain in 1768,
and major in 1775. He was engaged in the bat-
tles of Lexington and Bunker Hill, at the affair
of Three Rivers in June, 1776, at Crown Point and
Ticonderoga, and was with Burgoyne till his sur-
render. He subsequently served in the West In-
dies, was made a general in 1812, and created a
baronet. 19 Sept., 1809.
IRVING, Roland Duer, geologist, b. in New York city, 27 April, 1847; d. in Madison, Wis., 30 May, 1888. He was graduated at Columbia as a mining engineer, and in 1879 received the degree of Ph. D. from that institution. Soon after his graduation he became assistant on the Ohio geological survey, and in 1870 was elected professor of geology, mining, and metallurgy in the University of Wisconsin. In 1879 the title of his chair was changed to that of geology and mineralogy, which professorship he afterward held. He became assistant state geologist of Wisconsin in 1873, and continued as such until 1879. During 1880-'2 he was one of the U. S. census experts, and in 1882
was made geologist in charge of the Lake Superior division of the U. S. geological survey. His specialty was the micro-petrography of the fragmental rocks and crystalline schists, and his best work was accomplished in the direction of pre-Cambrian stratigraphy and the genesis of some of the so-called crystalline rocks, particularly of the quartzites and ferruginous iron rocks of the Lake Superior regions. Prof. Irving was a member of scientific societies to whose transactions he contributed
important papers. His publications under the auspices of the Wisconsin geological survey include "Geology of Central Wisconsin " (Madison, 1877); "Geology of the Lake Superior Region " (1880); "Crystalline Rocks of the Wisconsin Valley" (1882); "Mineralogy and Lithology of Wisconsin" (1883); and he contributed the reports of the U. S. geological survev to " The Copper-Bearing Rocks of Lake Superior" (Washington, 1883); "On Secondary Enlargements of Mineral Fragments in Certain Rocks" (1884); with Charles R. Vanhise, "The Archa?an Formations of the Northwestern States " (1885) ; with Thomas C. Chamberlain, "The Junction between the Eastern Sandstone and the Keweenaw Series, Keweenaw Point, Lake Superior" (1885) ; and " The Classification of the Early Cambrian and Pre-Cambrian Formations " (1886).
