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and received the degrees of doctor of philosophy and theology at a very early age from the university of that city. He was next appointed professor of theology and general examiner of the diocese of Santiago, and in 1640 was elected provincial of the Dominicans of Chili. During his provincialship, IB May, 1647, Santiago was destroyed by an earth- quake, and he excited general admiration by his devotion to the sufferers. Immediately afterward he began to rebuild his convent, but left the care of finishing this work to his deputy, and went to visit the different parts of his province. During his visit he introduced important reforms in the convents of Paraguay, Cordova, and Buenos Ayres. He was nominated bishop of Paraguay by the Spanish court, but the chronicles of his order make no mention of his acceptance, and it is certain that he died a simple monk in the convent of San- tiago. Father Jorquera was a voluminous writer on religious subjects. Most of his works are in manuscript, but a memoir that he published, de- fending Bernardino de Cardenas, bishop of Para- guay, against the powerful men who persecuted him. excited great attention at the time both in Spain and in Spanish America.

JORRIN, José Silverio (hor-reen'), Cuban au- thor, b. in Havana, Cuba, in 1816. He studied law in his native city, and was admitted to the bar in 1841. After finishing his studies he spent sev- eral years in travel through the United States and Europe, and on his return to Havana filled im- Sortant offices, devoting his time to his professional uties, literary pursuits, and the promotion of public instruction in the island. Jorrin belongs to several literary and scientific societies, and is a correspond- ing member of the Historical society of New York. He has been elected several times senator for Cuba in the Spanish cortes, and has been always a Liberal in politics and a stanch abolitionist. He has published a " Tratado de Dibujo Lineal " (1839) ; " Recuerdos de un Viaje a Italia " ; a translation of Tacitus ; and a " Life of Columbus."

JOSÉ DE SANTA THERESA (ho-say'), pen- name of Joao de Noroxha Freire, Portuguese historian, b. in Lisbon in 1658: d. in Rome in 1736. He became a Jesuit, and was for twelve years attached to the missions of South America, but his health compelled him to return to Europe, where in 1694 he became librarian of the college Of the Jesuits in Rome. He published " Istoria delle guerre del Regno del Brasile accadute tra corone di Portogallo e la republica di olanda," a standard work (2 vols., Rome, 1698); "Bibliotheca historica de Portugal " (4 vols., Rome, 1727); and several less important works.

JOSEPHINE (Marie Josephine Rose Tascher de la Pagerie), empress of France, b. in Trois Ilcts, Martinique, 24 June, 1763; d. in Mal- maison, near Paris, 29 March, 1814. She was de- scended from a family of the county of Blois, of which a branch settled in Martinique in 1726, and her father, an artillery officer, held the post of harbor-master of Port Royal at the time of her birth. She received her education in the latter city, at the convent of the Sisters of Saint Joseph, and at the age of thirteen was an accomplished Creole of great beauty. Her family betrothed her to the Viscount Beauharnais, a scion of an old family and the son of a former governor of Mar- tinique, whom she wedded in Paris on 13 Dec. 1779. The union was not happy, as the viscount became so jealous of the distinction that was shown to his young wife at the court of Marie Antoinette that he went to Martinique in 1786 to inquire into her former life, and on his return sued for divorce. But the parliament of Paris dismissed his com- plaint. In the following year Josephine returned to Trois Ilets, and remained till 1790, when troubles began in the island, and she was obliged to fly for her life in great haste. Josephine was imprisoned in Paris during the reign of terror, and her husband was executed in 1794, but she never lost courage, as an old colored woman in Martinique had predicted in her infancy that she would some day occupy an exalt- ed position. On 9 March, 1796, she married Napoleon Bonaparte, and in 1804 ascended the throne with him. She used her in-

fluence in behalf

of acts of benevolence, interceding with Napoleon for Toussaint L'Ouverture, disapproving the ex- pedition to Santo Domingo, and urging him to cede Louisiana to the United States. For political reasons, Napoleon was divorced from her, 9 Jan., 1810, but he .always entertained a kind regard, and maintained her household as that of the reigning empress. By her former marriage, Josephine had two children, both born in Paris. Eugene de Beau- harnais, known as Prince Eugene, who became viceroy of Italy and a noted general, and Hortense, who married Louis, king of Holland, and became the mother of Napoleon III.

JOSSELYN, John, traveller, b. in England early in the 17th century. He was the son of Sir Thomas Josselyn, of Kent. He sailed for New England on 26 April, arriving in Boston on 2 July, 1638, and " presented his respects to Mr. Winthrop, the governor, and to Mr. Cotton, the teacher of Boston church, to whom he delivered from Mr. Francis Quarles, the poet, the translation of sev- eral Psalms into English meter." He returned to England in October. 1639. and made a second voyage on 23 May, 1663, to New England, where he spent eight years. On his return in December, 1671, he published a book entitled 4i New England's Rarities Discovered in Birds, Beasts, Fishes. Ser- pents, and Plants of that Country, etc.," with a picture of Boston in 1663 (London, 1672). This was reprinted, with notes, by Edward Tuckerman (Boston, 1865). Josselyn was also the author of "An Account of Two Voyages to New England, etc." (1674) and " A Chronological Table of the most Remarkable Passages from the First Dis- covery of the Continent of America to 1673," which was appended to the former work. Both of these were reprinted (Boston. 1865). — His brother, Henry, was active and influential in the affairs of Maine, arriving in Piscataqua in 1634. From 1636 till 1640 he was a member of the Maine govern- ment, in 1643 he succeeded to the Cammock pat- ent at Black Point, Me., and in 1645 became dep- uty governor. He was appointed a commissioner for the administration of the government in 1665.

JOUBERT, Antoine Henry (zhoo'-bair). Spanish missionary, b. in Besaneon in 1601 ; d. in Santiago. Chili, in 1674. He became a Jesuit, was attached to the missions of South America, and