was a member of the state legislature in 1869-'71, and its speaker in 1870-'l. He was afterward elected to congress from Vermont as a Republican, and served from 1875 till 1888.
JOYCE, Robert Dwyer, poet, b. in County Lim-
erick, Ireland, in September, 1886; d. in Dublin,
28 Oct., 1883. He received his education in his na-
tive county and at Dublin, was graduated in medi-
cine at Queen's university in that city, and became
professor of English literature in the preparatory
college of the Roman Catholic university there.
He also practised his profession with success in
Dublin, but in 1866 came to this country with his
wife and family, and resided in Boston till his
death. After coming to the United States he was
elected a member of the Royal Irish academy. He
wrote many ballads, songs, and sketches for the
" Pilot " and other Irish journals, and published a
collection of them with the title " Ballads, Ro-
mances, and Songs " (Boston, 1872). His best work
is " Deirdre," an epic poem that appeared anony-
mously as one of the " No Name " series (1876). He
also published " Legends of the Wars in Ireland "
(1868) ; " Fireside Stories of Ireland " (1871) ; " Bla-
nid," a poem (1879) ; and " The Squire of Castle-
ton," an historical novel.
JOYNES, Levin Smith, physician, b. in Acco-
mac county, Va., 13 May, 1819 ; d. in Richmond,
Va., 18 Jan., 1881. His father, William T. Joynes,
was a judge of the Virginia court of appeals. He
was graduated at Washington college, Pa., in 1835,
and in medicine at the University of Virginia in
1839. He afterward studied medicine in Paris,
Dublin, and elsewhere, in 1843 began practice in
Accomac, and in 1844 removed to Baltimore, Md.
He became professor of physiology and medical
jurisprudence in Franklin medical college, Phila-
delphia, in 1846, returned to Accomac in 1849, and
in 1855 was appointed professor of the institutes of
medicine and medical jurisprudence in the medi-
cal college of Virginia at Richmond, becoming
dean of the faculty in 1857, and holding both
places until his resignation in 1871, when he was
made emeritus professor. He was assistant sur-
geon in the forces of Virginia from April till June,
1861. In 1872 he was appointed permanent secre-
tary of the state board of health, and he was a
delegate to the International medical congress of
1876. He contributed to various medical jour-
nals. — His brother, Edward Southey, educator,
b. in Accomac county, Va., 2 March, 1834, was
graduated at the University of Virginia in 1853,
and immediately appointed assistant professor of
ancient languages under Dr. Gessner Harrison.
He went to Berlin for study in 1856, and returned
in 1858, as professor of Greek in William and
Mary college. He was in the Confederate civil
service during the late war, and in 1866 became
f)rofessor of modern languages in Washington col-
ege, Lexington, Va. By his request, the subject
of English was attached, and for the first time in
Virginia made a prominent college study. His
courses of lectures have since become widely known,
and the example has been followed (of English
study) in other colleges. In 1875 he removed to
Vanderbilt university, and bore a leading part in
its organization. In 1878 he was called to a pro-
fessorship in the University of Tennessee, Knox-
ville, and in 1883 he accepted the chair of modern
languages in South Carolina college, Columbia,
S. C. Here, as elsewhere, he has been especially
useful in the work of organization. He is the edi-
tor of the Joynes-Otto series of text - books, in
French and German (New York, 1870-'5), and also
of classic French plays that have been used in both
Harvard and Yale (2 vols., 1870-'82). Prof. Joynes
has written nothing on English, although his* lec-
tures have received much attention. He has taken
an active part in public-school work in both Vir-
ginia and Tennessee, and also in the National edu-
cational association, before which he has delivered
addresses on " The Study of the Classics " (1873) ;
and '• Modern Languages in Higher Education "
(1876). He has in press (1887) the " Joynes-Meiss-
ner German Grammar " (Boston).
JUAN Y SANTACILIA, Jorge (hwan -e-san-
tah-theel'-yah), Spanish mariner, b. in Novelda. near
Alicante, 5 Jan., 1713 ; d. in Madrid, 21 June, 1773.
At the age of twelve he entered the order of Malta,
and after some campaigns in Africa was admitted
to the royal marine guards, studying mathematics
and astronomy in the Schools of his corps at Car-
thagena. He was intrusted, at the age of twenty-
two, with the command of a corvette, in which he
made several voyages to America. In 1735 he ac-
companied Ulloa, La Condamine, and others in
their journey to Peru to execute the project of
measuring an arc of the meridian at the equator,
and it was entirely owing to him that the height
of mountains was measured successfully by means
of the barometer. On his return to Spain he de-
voted himself to the reorganization of the Spanish
navy. In addition to several works on navigation,
he wrote " Observaciones sobre astronomia y fisica,
hechas en el Reino del Peru por Don Jorge Juan y
Don Antonio Ulloa" (Madrid, 1748; French trans-
lation, Amsterdam and Paris, 2 vols., 1752); "Di-
sertacion historica sobre el meridiano de demarca-
tion entre los dominios de Espana y Portugal"
(1749; French translation, Paris, 1776); and"Es-
tado de la astronomia en Europa " (1773).
JUAREZ, Benito Pablo (wah'-reth), president
of Mexico, b. in San Pablo Guelatao, Oajaca, 21
March, 1806 ; d. in Mexico, 18 July, 1872. His par-
ents, of pure Indian race, died when he was scarcely
four years old, and,
although they had
left a modest inherit-
ance, the boy grew
up in the house of an
uncle without learn-
ing to read and write
or to speak Spanish
correctly. But at the
age of twelve a de-
sire for knowledge
seized him, and he
went to Oajaca,where
Antonio Salanueva,
a former Franciscan
monk, took him un-
der his protection
and taught him the
elementary branch-
es, placing him in
1821 in the seminary
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of that city, where he made rapid progress and was graduated in 1827. He now abandoned theology for the studv of law at the new college, where from 1829 till 1831 he held the chair of experimental physics, and was admitted to the bar in 1834. He had been elected a member of the board of aldermen in 1831, and in 1833 was deputy to the state assembly. He was imprisoned for a short time in 1836, in consequence of an abortive rebellion against the conservative government, appointed judge of the civil court in 1842, and in 1845 secretary to the governor, Gen. Leon, but soon resigned and was elected prosecutor of the superior court, which place he lost in the same year by the revolution of Paredes.
