flicts of Christianity" (New York and London, 1850); "The Catacombs of Rome" (New York, 1854); "Unnoticed Things of Scripture" (1868); " The Olden Time in New York " (1872) ; and " The Church of the Apostles" (1877). He has also edited "The Confessions of a Romish Convert" (New York, 1850). Many of his works have gone through several editions. — His brother, Leonard, author, b. in New York city, 13 Sept., 1826, was graduated at Trinity in 1846, and studied law. In 1849 he went to California by way of Cape Horn. But he soon returned to Albany, N. Y., where he has since followed his profession. In 1885 he was made president of the Albany institute. Mr. Kip has contributed tales and sketches to the maga- zines, and has published "California Sketches" (New York, 1850); "Volcano Diggings" (1851); " jEnone, a Roman Tale " (1866) ; " The Dead Mar- quise " (1873) ; " Hannibal's War, and other Christ- mas Stories" (Albany, 1878): "Under the Bells" (New York, 1879) ; and " Nestlenook " (1880).
KIRBY, Ephraim, jurist, b. in Litchfield,
Conn., 23 Feb., 1757 ; d. in Fort Stoddard. Miss.,
2 Oct., 1804. He spent his boyhood on his father's
farm, but joined the Revolutionary army before
the battle of Bunker Hill, and served through the
war, participating in nineteen actions and receiv-
ing thirteen wounds. At Germantown he was left
for dead on the field. At the close of the war he
earned by manual labor the means of obtaining a
classical education, was for a short time a student
at Yale, and in 1787 received from that college the
honorary degree of M. A. He studied law. was
admitted to the bar, and published " Reports of
the Decisions of the Superior Court and Court of
Errors" (Litchfield, 1789), which was the first
volume of reports issued in the state, and probably
the first in the United States. He was several
times an unsuccessful candidate for governor, was
in the legislature in 1791-1804, and in 1801 was
appointed by President Jefferson supervisor of
U. S. revenue for Connecticut. On the acquisition
of Louisiana he was made a judge of the newly
organized territory of Orleans, but died on his
way to enter on the duties of the office. He ac-
quired a large property by his profession, but
lost it through the dishonesty of an agent that he
had employed to purchase land in Virginia. — His
son, Reynold Marvin, soldier, b. in Litchfield.
Conn.. 10 March, 1790 ; d. in Fort Sullivan. Me., 7
Oct., 1842, entered the army, 9 July, 1813. and re-
ceived the brevets of 1st lieutenant and captain for
gallantry in the siege of Fort Erie. He became
captain of artillery in 1824. and brevet-major in the
same vear. — Another son, Edmund, soldier, b. in
Litchfield 8 April, 1794 ; d. in Brown ville, N. Y.,
20 Aug., 1849, entered the army. 6 July, 1812,
served through the war with England, and in 1819
was aide to Gen. Jacob Brown, whose daughter he
married. He became captain in May, 1824. and
paymaster, 5 Aug., 1824, relinquishing his rank in
the regular line, and afterward served on the staff
of Gen. Zachary Taylor at Monterey, and on that
of Gen. Winfield Scott in the valley of Mexico,
receiving the brevet of lieutenant-colonel for gal-
lantry at Contreras and Churubusco, and that of
colonel for Molino del Rev. — Edmund's son, Edmund, soldier, b. in Brownville, N. Y., in 1840;
d. in Washington, D. C. 28 May, 1863, was gradu-
ated at the U. S. military academy in 1861, and
assigned to the 1st artillery. He was made 1st
lieutenant on 14 May, 1861, and, succeeding to the
command of his battery on the capture of Capt.
James B. Ricketts at Bull Run. he retained it till
his death. He was engaged with this battery
through the peninsula and Maryland campaigns,
on the march to Falmouth, Va., and at Fredericks-
burg and Chancellorsville, in which last engage-
ment he was mortally wounded. For his gal-
lantry in this battle he was given on his death-bed
the commission of brigadier-general of volunteers,
to date from 23 May, 1863.
KIRBY, J. Hudson, actor, b. on shipboard near
Sandy Hook, N. J., 3 April, 1819 ; d. in London,
England, in 1848. He first appeared in subordi-
nate parts in 1837, at the Chestnut street theatre
in Philadelphia. Later he was seen at the Rich-
mond Hill theatre in New York as Young Norval
in Home's tragedy of " Douglas," and other leading
juvenile characters. For a brief time thereafter he
managed the Franklin theatre in New York city.
In 1842 he played in Albany and other places as
Claude Melnotte in " The Lady of Lyons," and
King Lear and other Shakespearian parts. Dur-
ing several years Kirby was engaged as leading
performer at the Chatham street National theatre.
Here he met with remarkable popularity in the
dramas " Six Degrees of Crime," " The Surgeon of
Paris," "The Carpenter of Rouen," and others,
that ran nightly for several seasons. In 1845
Kirby went to England, where he performed in
tragic and dramatic parts in London at the Olym-
pic, Surry, and other theatres, extending his pro-
fessional visits to the other large cities of Great
Britain. As an actor he was favored with great
natural endowments, and in the representation of
some romantic characters was unequalled. But
the subtleties of the higher drama were beyond
his grasp, and he appeared in them without mak-
ing any lasting impressions.
KIRBY, William, Canadian author, b. in
Kingston-upon-Hull. England. 13 Oct., 1817. He
came to Canada in 1832, studied in Cincinnati,
Ohio, resided for a time in Montreal, and removed
to Niagara, Out., in 1839. He edited and published
the "Niagara Mail" from 1841 till 1861. and has
been collector of customs at Niagara. He is the
author, among other works, of the " U. E., a Tale
of Upper Canada," a poem (Niagara, 1869) ; " Chien
D'Or," a Canadian historical romance (Montreal,
1877): "Beaumanoir" and "Joseph in Egypt,"
dramas : and manv poems.
KIRCHHOFF, Charles William Henry, mining
engineer, b. in San Francisco, Cal., 28 March,
1853. He received his scientific education in
Europe, and was graduated at the Royal school of
mines in Clausthal in 1874. After his return to
the United States he settled in New York, and was
connected with various technical journals, becoming
in 1883 managing editor of the “Engineering and
Mining Journal.” This place he held until 1886,
when he was made assistant editor of the “Iron
Age,” and he became its editor in 1887. Mr.
Kirchhoff, in addition to his editorial work, has
contributed frequent papers of scientific value to
the “Transactions of the American Institute of
Mining Engineers.” of which society he is a member.
He has since 1882 prepared annually for the
“Mineral Resources of the United States” chapters
on certain of the heavier metals.
KIRK, Edward Norris. clergyman, b. in New York city, 14 Aug.. 1802 ; d. in Boston, Mass., 27 March, 1874. He was of Scotch ancestry, and was educated at Princeton, where he was graduated in 1820. After studying law for eighteen
months in New York city, he entered Princeton theological seminary and remained there four years, after which he was appointed agent of the Board of foreign missions, and travelled through the south in its behalf. In 1827 he was ordained
