in 1841. He published sermons and religious works, “The Private, Domestic, and Social Life of Jesus Christ: a Model for Youth” (Philadelphia, 1849), and the “Presbyterian Psalmist” (1852).
KREHBIEL, Henry Edward, musical critic,
b. in Ann Arbor, Mich., 10 March, 1854. He
received a general education from his father, a
German clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal church,
and began in 1872 the study of law in Cincinnati.
In June, 1874. he was attached to the staff of the
“Cincinnati Gazette” as musical critic, which post
he held until November, 1880. He then came to
New York, where he is now (1887) musical critic
of the “Tribune.” Among his published works
are “The Technics of Violin Playing” (Cincinnati,
1880); “Review of the New York Musical Season
1885-'6” (New York and London, 1886); and the
same for the season of 1886-'7 (1887).
KRIMMEL, John Lewis, artist, b. in Ebingen,
Würtemberg, Germany, in 1787; d. near Germantown,
Pa., 15 July, 1821. He came to Philadelphia
in 1810 to engage in business with his brother, but
soon abandoned this occupation for art. He began
by painting portraits, but, a copy of Wilkie's “Blind
Fiddler” falling in his way, his attention was
turned to humorous subjects. He also painted
historical pictures, and at the time of his death — by
drowning — he had received a commission to paint
a large canvas on the landing of William Penn.
Mr. Krimmel was president of the Society of
American artists. Among his works are “The
Pepper-Pot Woman,” “The Cut Finger,” “Blindman's
Bluff,” “Election Day,” “The Fourth of
July at Old Centre Square,” “Going to and
Returning from Boarding-School,” “The Country
Wedding,” and “Perry's Victory.”
KROEGER, Adolph Ernst, author, b. in
Schwabstedt, duchy of Schleswig, 28 Dec., 1837;
d. in St. Louis, 8 March, 1882. He was the son of
a clergyman who came to this country with his
family in 1848 and settled at Davenport, Iowa.
Young Kroeger first went into a banking-house,
but in 1857 removed to New York city and was
connected with one of the daily papers as translator
for three years. During the civil war he
served on the staff of Gen. Frémont, and at its
close settled in St. Louis. Both by translations
of the works of Fichte, Kant, and Leibnitz, and by
numerous essays in different periodicals, he largely
contributed to a better understanding of German
literature in this country, and increased the number
of those that are interested in it. He wrote
regularly for the St. Louis “Journal of Speculative
Philosophy.” He published Fichte's “Science of
Knowledge” (Philadelphia, 1868), the same
author's “Science of Rights” (1869), and translated
his “Science of Morals,” but his translation still
remains in manuscript. He also issued “The
Minnesingers of Germany,” containing translations
of Walter von der Vogelweide and others (New
York, 1873), and “Our Forms of Government and
the Problems of the Future” (1862).
KROGSTRUPP, Otto Christian, clergyman,
b. on the island of Fühnen, Denmark, 18 Aug.,
1714; d. in Bethlehem, Pa., 10 Oct., 1785. He was
graduated at the University of Copenhagen, and
was ordained to the ministry of the Lutheran
church by the Danish Bishop Brodersen. In 1748
he united with the Moravian church, and in 1753
came to this country, where he labored for many
years in Philadelphia, at Graceham, Md., and at
Lititz, York, and Lancaster, Pa. Krogstrupp was
distinguished for his power and eloquence as a
preacher. An old record says: “He was a vessel
of grace, filled with simplicity and love to God
and man — a diadem among the faithful ministers
whom God has given to the Moravian church.”
KROHN, Joseph Hyacinthe, French mariner,
b. in Neuville, France, 16 Aug., 1766; d. in Saint
Jean d'Angely, 21 March, 1823. He entered the
navy in 1782, was wounded in an engagement with
the English in the waters of St. Croix, and served
in Santo Domingo from 1789 till 1795, where he
won the commission of frigate-captain. He
commanded the French navy in Guadeloupe under
Hugues from 1795 till 1799, and fought several
successful engagements with the English fleet,
which enabled the captain-general to reconquer all
the French colonies in the West Indies. Krohn
would have risen to the highest ranks had not his
education been neglected. In 1801-'2 he com-
manded a division of the expedition to Santo
Domingo, but he lost all his crew from yellow fever
in Havana. The admiral gave him orders to burn
his ship, but Krohn opened the prisons in Havana,
and recruiting 500 outlaws, maintained such strict
discipline that he captured three English men-of-war.
From 1804 till 1808 he commanded the
station of Santo Domingo, and inflicted great damage
on English commerce. He resigned in 1814, when
he received the rank of commodore.
KROTEL, Gottlob Frederick, clergyman, b.
in Ilsfeld, Würtemberg, Germany, 4 Feb., 1826. He
came to the United States when quite young,
settled in Philadelphia, and was graduated at the
University of Pennsylvania in 1846. He then
studied theology, was licensed to preach in 1848,
and was ordained to the ministry in the Lutheran
church in 1850. He has been pastor, successively,
of Lutheran congregations at Lebanon, Pa., in
1849-'53; Lancaster, Pa., in 1853-'62; and in
Philadelphia in 1862-'8; and since 1868 has had charge
of the English Evangelical Lutheran church of the
Holy Trinity, New York city, which he organized.
At the establishment of the Lutheran theological
seminary at Philadelphia, in 1864, he was elected
one of the professors, a post which he filled
until his removal to New York. He has held many
offices in his church, and was president of its general
council in 1870. He received the degree of
D. D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1865.
Dr. Krotel was for several years editor of the
“Lutherische Herald,” New York, and for many years
of “The Lutheran,” Philadelphia. Among his
published works are “Life of Melanchthon,” by
Ledderhose, translated from the German (Philadelphia,
1854); “Who are the Blessed? A Meditation on the
Beatitudes” (1855); "Memorial Volume of Trinity
Church, Lancaster" (Lancaster, Pa., 1861);
“Explanations of Luther's Small Catechism,” with Rev.
William J. Mann, D. D. (Philadelphia, 1863); and
“Luther and the Swiss,” a lecture by Dr. Gerhard
Uhlhorn, translated from the German (1878).
KRUMMACHER, Friedrich Wilhelm,
clergyman, b. in Duisburg, Prussia, in 1796; d. in
Potsdam, Prussia, 10 Dec., 1868. His father, Friedrich
Adolph Krummacher, was an eminent German
theologian and writer. The son held a pastorate
in Germany, and, although a minister of the
Reformed church, was a zealous advocate of the older
Lutheranism, and gave great offence by his
denunciation of rationalists. He came to New York in
1843, declined a theological professorship in
Mercersburg, Pa., and afterward returned to Germany,
settling in Berlin in 1847. Among his numerous
works, many of which have been translated into
English, are “Flying Roll of Free Grace
Displayed” (New York, 1841); “Elijah the Tishbite”
(1847); “The Martyr Lamb” (1849); “The Last
Days of Elisha” (1852); “The Risen Redeemer”
