1871, and opened a studio. He devoted himself at first to landscapes, delineating scenes in the Muskingum valley. Subsequently he executed cattle pieces, and after 1881 exhibited in the National Academy in New York. In 1881 he painted the "Elysium of the Herd"; in 1882, "Pride of Eastwood Jerseys," and "A Thirsty Party"; in 1883, "The Thirsty Herd," and "Jersey Herd"; in 1884, "The Passing Shower," and "In Pastures Green"; in 1885, "The Cool Retreat."
BARBER, John Warner, historian, b. in Windsor. Conn., 2 Feb., 1798; d. in New Haven in June. 1885. He published "Historical Scenes in
the United States" (1827); "History and Antiquities of New Haven" (1831); "Religious Events" (1832); "Historical Collections" of Connecticut (1836) and of Massachusetts (Worcester, 1839); "History and Antiquities of New England, New York, and New Jersey" (1841): "Elements of General History" (New "Haven, 1844); "Incidents in American History " (New York, 1847); "Religious Emblems and Allegories" (1848); "European Historical Collections " (1855); and "Our Whole Country, Historical and Descriptive" (Cincinnati. 1861). With Henry Howe, of New Haven, he also published "Historical Collections" of New York (1841), New Jersey (1844), Virginia (1844), and Ohio (1847), and, with Elizabeth G. Barber, "Historical, Poetical,
and Pictorial American Scenes" (1850). See "The
Picture Preacher," by Henry Howe (Philadelphia).
BARBER, Mary Augustine, educator, b. in Newtown, Conn., in 1789; d. in Mobile, Ala., in 1860. She entered the Roman Catholic church with her husband, who had been an Episcopalian clergyman, and in 1817, shortly afterward, determined to become a nun, while her husband was anxious to enter the society of Jesus. They had five children; but Mr. Barber visited Rome, promised to make suitable
provision for them, and so succeeded in his purpose. Mrs. Barber entered the visitation convent of Georgetown in 1818 with her four daughters. She was a woman of superior education, and the convent and school progressed rapidly during her residence. In 1836 she founded a convent of the visitation in Kaskaskia, Ill., where she remained until 1844. She was peculiarly successful in training the younger sisters to be accomplished teachers, and was engaged in this occupation in the convent of St. Louis ti-om 1844 till 1848, and in Mobile up to the time of her death.
BARBOUR, James, statesman, b. in Orange co., Va., 10 June, 1775; d. there, 8 June, 1842. He was a son of Col. Thomas Barbour. While
serving as a deputy sheriff he acquired a knowledge of the law, and was admitted to practice at the age of nineteen. He sat in the Virginia house of delegates from 1796 until 1812, when he was elected governor. He was the author of the anti-duelling act, and bore a prominent part in all important legislation, occupying for the latter part of the period the speaker's chair. After a term in
the governorship he was elected in 1815 to the
U. S. senate, where he was repeatedly appointed
chairman of the committee on foreign relations.
In 1825 President John Q. Adams made him his
secretary of war. In 1828 he went to England as
American minister; but upon the accession of
President Jackson, in the following year, he was
recalled. He vigorously opposed the democratic
party, and in 1839 presided over the whig convention at Harrisburg, which nominated Gen. Harrison for president.—His brother, Philip Pendleton,
jurist, b. in Orange co.. Va., 25 May, 1783; d. in
Washington. D. C, 24 Feb., 1841. He attended
the schools of his native county until sixteen years
of age, when he read law at home. In October.
1800, being sent by his father to Kentucky on
business connected with some land-claims, and
meeting with delays and difficulties, he was cast
off and left to take care of himself. He was admitted to the bar, and, after practising successfully for some months, he borrowed money and entered William and Mary college as a law student. In 1802 he practised in Orange co., Va., and soon made a wide reputation. From 1812 till 1814 he was a member of the legislature, where he was the leader of the war party. He was elected in 1814 to congress, where in 1821 he was speaker of the house. In February, 1825, he resigned and became a judge
of the Virginia general court. At the foundation
of the university of Virginia in 1824 he was offered
the professorship of law, but declined it. He was
sent again to congress in 1827, and in 1829 was
president of the Virginia constitutional convention.
In 1830, while making a speech in congress, he was
attacked by a haemorrhage that nearly ended his life, and he resigned on 31 May of that year. He was appointed by Jackson judge of the U. S. circuit court for the eastern district of Virginia, and on 15 March, 1836, was made associate justice of the U. S. supreme court, where he remained until his death. In 1831 he was president of the Philadelphia free-trade convention. Judge Barbour was
noted for his solidity of character and his powers of
analysis and argument. In congress he opposed all appropriations for public improvements and all import duties, and strongly took the southern side of the Missouri question. In the democratic convention at Baltimore in 1832 he received forty-six votes for vice-president.
BARBOUR, John Merrett, jurist, b. in Cambridge. Washington co., N. Y., 5 Sept., 1807: d. in New York city, 8 Dec, 1881. He studied law in New York and went to Michigan when a very young
man ; was first elected a justice of the peace, then
was made commissioner of internal improvements,
and after the expiration of his term was elected
county judge, in which capacity he served eight
years. He subsequently moved to Saratoga Springs,
N. Y., and then to Washington, D. C, where he
was clerk in the office of the solicitor of the treasury. In 1850 he removed to New York, where he advanced slowly to the front rank of his profession. In 1861 he was elected judge of the superior court, and in 1867 was reelected by a heavy majority. On the death of Chief Justice Robertson, Judge Barbour was unanimously chosen to preside
in his place. He was an able and well-read law-
yer, oftener excelling in the more quiet branches
of the law than in the active contests that come
before a jury.—His brother, Oliver Lorenzo, lawyer, b. in Cambridge, Washington co., N. Y., 12 July, 1811 ; d. in Saratoga Springs, N. Y., 18 Dec, 1889. In 1827 he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1832. He was reporter of the New York
court of chancery from 1847 to 1849, and of the
state supreme court from 1848 to 1876. Hamilton
college gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1859. He
published "Equity Digest" (4 vols., Springfield,
Mass., 1836-'41); "Treatise on Criminal Law" (Albany and New York, 1841 ; 3d ed., 2 vols., 1883); "Treatise on the Law of Set-Off " (Albany and New York, 1841); "Treatise on the Practice of the Court of Chancery" (2 vols., 1843 ; 2d ed., 3 vols., 1874-5); "Reports of Cases decided in the Court of Chancery of the State of New York" (3 vols., 1847-"9); "Reports of Cases decided in the Supreme Court of the State of New York" (67 vols., 1848-76, Digest in 3 vols., 1880); "A Summary of the Law of Parties to Actions at Law"
