have to "pass through the enemy's country" to get there. The poet Bryant celebrated the event by some verses in the "Evening Post," in which the refrain was, "Bully Brooks is afraid." Mr. Brooks resigned his seat, and was unanimously re-elected by his constituents. He also received numerous costly canes and other testimonials from different parts of the south.
BROOKS, Thomas Benton, engineer, b. in Monroe, Orange co., N. Y., 15 June, 1836. He was
graduated at the engineering department of Union
in 1858. During the civil war he was captain
in the 1st New York volunteer engineers, afterward becoming major and aide on the general
staff of the army. As such he served under Gen.
Gillmore in the reduction of Fort Pulaski and Fort
Wagner and before Chai'leston. His reports are
given in full in Gen. Gillmore's "Siege and Reduction of Fort Pulaski" (New York, 1862), and in his "Operations against the Defences of Charleston Harbor" (1863). At the time of his resignation he held the brevet rank of colonel. From 1869 till 1879 he was assistant geologist in charge of the surveys of the Lake Superior iron regions. In this connection he was associated with Raphael Pumpelly, and prepared "Geological Survey of Michigan" (vols. i. and ii.. New York, 1873, also " Geology of Wisconsin " (part of vol. iii., Madison, 1879). His health having failed, in 1879 he turned his attention to farming, and now resides at Newburg. N. Y.
BROOKS, William Keith, naturalist, b. in Cleveland, Ohio, 25 March, 1848. He was graduated at Williams in 1870, and at Harvard as Ph. D. in 1875, after which he became assistant in the Boston society of natural history. In 1876 he was
elected a fellow of Johns Hopkins university, then
an associate, and since 1883 he has been professor
of morphology. Under his direction the Chesapeake zoological laboratory of Johns Hopkins university was organized in 1878, and it has been under his supervision since its beginning. In connection with this work he has edited "Studies
from the Biological Laboratory" (Baltimore, 1879, et seq.). He has also published "Hand-Book of Invertebrate Zoology " (Boston, 1882) and "Heredity" (Baltimore, 1884). The artificial development of the American oyster is largely due to his efforts,
and in that connection he wrote "The Development and Protection of the Oyster in Maryland" (Baltimore, 1884). He has contributed many valuable scientific papers and reports to periodicals, among which are "Conifer, a Study in Morphology," published in the "Philosophical Transactions
of the Royal Society" (London, 1881), and "Report on the Stomatopoda collected by H. M. S.
Challenger" (1886). Dr. Brooks is a "member of
the Maryland academy of sciences and other scientific societies, and in 1884 was elected a member of
the National academy of sciences.
BROOKS, William Thomas Harbaugh, soldier, b. in New Lisbon, Ohio, 28 Jan., 1821 ; d. in Huntsville, Ala., 19 July, 1870. He was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1841 and served in Florida in 1841-'2. In ' 1843-5 he was on frontier duty in Kansas, and in 1845-'6 served in the military occupation of Texas, becoming first lieutenant in the 3d infantry, 21 Sept., 1846. He was in nearly all the battles in the Mexican war, was brevetted captain, 23 Sept., 1846, for his conduct at Monterey, and major, 20 Aug., 1847,
for services at Contreras and Churubusco. In 1848-'51 he was aide-de-camp to Gen. Twiggs, and on 10 Nov., 1851, became captain in the 3d infantry. From this time until the civil war he served in various forts. In 1854 and again in 1858
he was on scouting duty, and from 1858 till 1860
was given sick leave. On 28 Sept., 1861, he was
made brigadier-general of volunteers, and served
in the peninsular campaign of 1862, being engaged
at Yorktown, Lee's Mills. Golden's Farm, Glendale, and Savage Station, where he was wounded. In September, 1862, during the Maryland campaign, he was in the battles of South Mountain
and Antietam, being wounded again at the latter
place. In October and November, 1862, on the
march to Falmouth, Va., he commanded a division, and again in the Rappahannock campaign, December, 1862, to May, 1863. From 11 June, 1863, till 6 April, 1864, he commanded the department of the Monongahela, and in the operations
before Richmond in 1864 was at the head of the
10th army corps, being engaged at Swift's Creek,
Drury's Bluff, Bermuda Hundred, Cold Harbor,
and Petersburg. His health failing on account of
wounds and exposure, he resigned on 14 July, 1864,
and in 1866 went to a farm in Huntsville, Ala.,
where he remained until his death.
BROOM, Jacob, statesman, b. in 1752; d. in Philadelphia in April, 1810. He was one of the
delegates from Delaware to the convention that
met in Philadelphia, 14 May, 1787, pursuant to a
resolution of congress, to adopt a federal constitution. His signature appears among those who
subscribed to the document, 17 Sept. He held
many offices of pul)lic honor and trust.
'BROOM, Jacob, statesman, b. in Baltimore, Md., 25 July, 1808; d. in Washington, D. C, in
November, 1864. After receiving a classical education he removed to Pennsylvania, and was appointed deputy auditor of the state in 1840. In 1849 he was appointed clerk of the orphans' court in Philadelphia. In politics he was what was then known as an American whig, and as such was elected to congress, serving from 3 March, 1855, till 3 March, 1857.
BROOM, James M., statesman, b. in Delaware in 1778. He was graduated at Princeton in 1794, and was a member of congress from Delaware from 2 Dec. 1805, till 3 March, 1807.
BROOME, John, merchant, b. in 1738; d. 8 Aug., 1810. He was a meml)er of the New York
state constitutional convention of 1777 and lieutenant-governor of the state in 1804. During the whole of his public career he was prominent in
New York, and was for many years at the head of
some of the most important charitable and commercial institutions of the city. An important thoroughfare bears his name.
BROOME, John L., soldier, b. in New York city, 8 March, 1824. He was appointed second
lieutenant in the U. S. marine corps, 12 Jan., 1848;
promoted first lieutenant, 28 Sept., 1857; captain, 26 July, 1861 ; major, 8 Dec, 1864; and lieutenant-colonel, 16 March, 1879. During the war with Mexico he served with his corps. In 1862 he commanded the marine guard of the "Hartford," Farragut's flag-ship, and was present at the passage of Forts Jackson and St. Philip (24 April), and in the various engagements at Vicksburg and Port Hudson, which resulted in wresting the Mississippi river from the confederate forces. He was twice wounded during the war, and at its close received the brevets of major and lieutenant-colonel for gallant and meritorious services.
BROPHY, George R., clergyman, b. near Kilkenny, Ireland, in August, 1775; d. in Davenport, Iowa, 16 Oct., 1880. He was the son of an Irish patriot who, after the battle of Vinegar Hill in the rebellion of 1798, was captured and exe-
