ing Caupolican at Mount Pinto, near Concepcion, and in anotlier battle, in whieb tlie Indians lost over 6,000 men. Again Caupoliean attacked the Spaniards, but was twice defeated at the Puren passes, January and February, 1558. He took refuge in the mountains, but was discovered and made a prisoner with some other Indian chiefs, sent to Cafiete, and executed.
CAVEN, William, educator, b. in Kirkcolm,
Wigtonshire, Scotland, 2(3 Dec, 1830. He emi-
grated to Canada with his father in 1847, studied
for the ministry of the United Presbyterian church
in their seminary at London, Ontario, and was or-
dained in 1852. He was appointed professor of
exegetical theology and biblical criticism in Knox
college, Toronto, in 1860, and chairman of the col-
lege board in 1870. This title was changed to that
of "principal" in 1873. Principal Caven was
elected moderator of the Canada Presbyterian
church in 1875, and in 1877 he succeeded Prof.
Goldwin Smith as president of the Ontario teach-
ers' association. He was a promoter of the union
of the Presbyterian churches in Canada.
CAVENDISH, Thomas, English navigator, b.
in 1504; d. in 1593. He inherited wealth from his
father, who lived at Trimley St. Martin, Suffolk,
but reduced himself to a state of comparative pov-
erty by living at court and by his extravagance.
He then determined to improve his estate at the
expense of the Spanish- American colonists, and
with this purpose, aided by others who had become
interested in his design, he fitted out three vessels
of forty, sixty, and one hundred and twenty tons,
and sailed on 22 July, 1586, having the year before
gained ex[)erience by accompanying the expedition
under Lane and Sir R. Grrenville to colonize Vir-
ginia. They entered the straits of Magellan, 6
Jan., 1587, and after thirty-three days succeeded
in clearing the straits, having examined the coast
during that time and taken observations. On the
Pacific coast they captured and burned Payta,
Acapulco, and other towns. Cavendish secured
his richest booty in the capture of the Spanish gal-
leon " Santa Anna," of 700 tons, which, together
with a valuable cargo, had 122,000 Spanish dollars
in its stores. He then sailed from California,
crossed the Pacific to the Ladrone islands, went
through the Indian archipelago and strait of Java,
and around the Cape of Good Hope, reaching Eng-
land on 9 Sept., 1588, having circumnavigated the
globe in a shorter time than any preceding navi-
gator. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth
soon after reaching home, and on 26 Aug., 1591,
sailed on another expedition, but stormy weather,
sickness, and a mutinous crew were the principal
incidents until his death, on the coast of Brazil, or
on his passage home. He rendered some service
to geography and topography, and wrote an ac-
count of his first expedition, entitled " Voyage to
Magellaniea in 1580." See " Callander's Voyages "
(London, 1776).
CAXIAS, Luis Alves de Lima (kah-she'-as),
Duke de, Brazilian soldier, b. in Rio de Janeiro
about 1800. He entered the army while a boy, and
rapidly rose to the ranks of general and baron, and
subsequently became marshal, marquis, senator,
and aide-de-camp of the emperor. He was twice
minister of war and also president of the council,
exerting great political influence as a conservative
leader. He defeated Rossa in 1851, and command-
ed against Lopez, 1866-'9. He was superseded by
the Count d'Eu after the capture of Asuncion, and
received the title of duke.
CEBALLOS, José (thay-bal'-yos), Mexican
soldier, b. in the city of Durango, iS March, 1830.
He first came into notice during the revolution,
favoring the plan of Ayutla. When Benito Juarez
was president of Mexico, he gave Ceballos, in 1869,
the command of a regiment garrisoning Yucatan,
with headquarters at Merida. A few months
afterward a revolt occurred among his soldiers,
who divided into two parties. With those who
adhered to him he overpowered the rebels in a
three days' fight. Some merchants and property-
owners appeared to have been implicated in the
revolt, and Ceballos, without consulting President
Juarez, had them shot. Next year he was ap-
pointed brigadier-general, and as such commanded
the federal troops of the 1st division in the west-
ern states, continued the campaign against the
bandit Losada, who had again gathered 10,000
Indians after his defeat by Corona at La Mojonera.
Lerdo de Tejada having become president, Ceba-
llos was empowered to eft'ect the deposition of
Camarena, governor of Jalisco, by force, which
was accomplished after a bloody fight that lasted
three days between the federal and state troops.
Ceballos remained at Jalisco as governor and mili-
tary chief till late in 1876, when Lerdo's govern-
ment was deposed by Gen. Diaz; then he joined
Iglesias, who had revolted against Lerdo while
eiiief justice of the supreme court. Iglesias,
Prieto, and Velasco left Mexico, and Ceballos went
to San Francisco, Cal., but soon afterwaixl departed
for Guatemala, where he found himself in reduced
circumstances. President Barrios appointed him
director of tiie military school. While in Guate-
mala he plotted a revolution against Diaz, but
suddenly turned to the side of Diaz, went to Mex-
ico, was restored to his rank, and given the gover-
norship of the federal district, which in Mexico is
the highest office after that of president. Ceballos
is also a senator, and is noted for his enmity to the
press, having imprisoned a number of journalists
and students in 1885-'0.
CELESTE (sa-laysf), or CELESTE-ELLIOT (Madame), danseuse and actress, b. in Paris, 6
Aug., 1814 ; d. in London in 1882. In childhood
she became a pupil at the Royal academy, and when
but fifteen years of age made a successful dehut in
the United States, where she married Henry Elliot
soon after her arrival. After her husbaiuVs death
she went to England and achieved success in Lon-
don. She subsequently passed several years in the
United States between 1834 and 1865. After 1837
she made London her home, and took part in the
dramas at Drury Lane, the Haymarket, Adelphi,
and other theatres, and also attained success as a
theatrical manager. She was noted as an actress
of pantomime. Her most popular parts were La
Bayadere, the French Spy, Miami in " Green
Bushes," Mii'iam, and the Woman in Red. The
]>oet Fitz-Greene Halleck was among lier admirers,
and made her the subject of several highly com-
plimentary stanzns.
CELORON DE BIENVILLE, French explorer, b. about 1715. He was sent, by the Marquis de la Galissoniere, governor of Canada, with subordinate officers, cadets, 20 soldiers, 180 Canadians, and 45 Cherokees and Abanakes, to take possession for France of the Ohio valley and prevent the English Ohio company from acquiring it by right of prior settlement. The expedition left Laehine on 15 June, 1749, ascended the St. Lawrence, crossed
Lake Ontario, reached Niagara on 6 July, sailed along the south shore of Lake Erie, marched to the head-waters of the Alleghany, and ascended that river and the Ohio. Finding English traders at different points, Celoron warned them to withdraw, and wrote to the governor of Pennsylvania, claiming
