Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 1).djvu/93

mand of the troops in Charleston harbor, with headquarters at Fort Moultrie. Owing to threat- ened assaults, he withdrew his com- mand, on the night of 2G Dee., to Fort Sumter, where he was soon closely in- vested by the confed- erate forces. On 13 April, 1861, he evac- uated the fort, after a bombardment of nearly thirty - six hours from batteries to which he replied as long as his guns could be worked. He marched out, with his seventy

men, with the honors of war, on the

14th, saluting his flag as it was hauled down, and sailed for New York on the following day. In recognition of this service he was appointed briga- dier-general in the U. S. army by President Lin- coln, and was assigned to the command of the de- partment of Kentucky, and subsequently to that of the Cumberland. In consequence of failing health, he was relieved from duty in October, 1861. He was retired from active service 27 Oct., 1863, and on 3 Feb., 1865, he was brevetted major-gen- eral. He sailed for Europe in 1869 for his health, but died there. He translated and adapted from the French " Instructions for Field Artillery, Horse and Foot " (1840), and " Evolutions of Field Batteries" (1860), both of which have been used by the war department. It was largely owing to his personal efforts that the initial steps were taken organizing the Soldiers' Home in Washington, which now harbors about 2,000 veterans of the regular army. — His brother, Larz, capitalist, b, near Louisville, Ky., 9 April. 1803; d. in Cincin- nati, Ohio, 27 Feb., 1878, was graduated at Har- vard in 1822. He was a son-in-law of Nicholas Longworth, of Cincinnati, in which city he resided and was respected for his profuse charities and public spirit.

ANDERSON, Robert Honstoun, soldier, b. in Savannah. Ga., 1 Oct., 1835 ; d. there. 8 Feb., 1888. He was graduated at West Point in 1857, and served in the 9th infantry at Fort Columbus, New York harbor, and at Fort Walla-walla, Washington ter- ritory, until 1861, when he obtained a leave of absence, but subsequently resigned (3 May, 1861), entered the confederate service as major, and was commissioiii'd brigadier-general in 1864. In 1867 he became chief of police in Savannah, Ga.

ANDERSON, Rufus, author, b. in North Yarmouth, Me.. 17 Aug., 1796 ; d. 30 May, 1880. He was graduated at Bowdoin college in 1818, and at Andover theological seminary in 1822, and was ordained as a minister in 1826. From 1824 to 1832 he was assistant secretary of the American board of foreign missions, and in 1832 he became secretary, in which office he remained until 1866, receiving on that occasion a testimonial of $20,000 from New York and Boston merchants, most of which he turned over to the board. From 1867 to 1869 he lectured on foreign missions at Andover seminary. He visited the Mediterranean missions in 1843,'the Indian missions in 1854, and those in the Sandwich islands in 1863. He published "Foreign Missions, their Relations and Claims": "Memoir of Catharine Brown " (1825) ; " Observa- tions upon the Peloponnesus and Greek Islands " (Boston, 1830) ; " The Hawaiian Islands, their Prog- ress and Condition under Missionary Labors" (1864) ; " A Heathen Nation Civilized," containing a history of the Sandwich island mission (1870) ; and " History of the Missions of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions to the Oriental Churches " (1872).

ANDERSON, William, soldier, b. in Chester CO., Pa., in 1763 ; d. there 14 Dec, 1829. He fought through the revolutionary war, served at the bat- tle of Brandywine on the staff of Gen. Lafayette as colonel, and was present at Valley Forge, Ger- mantown, and Yorktown. He was a Jeffersonian democrat and held many public offices. From 1809 to 1815 he sat in congress, and again in 1817- '19. He was subsequently county court judge in Delaware co., and after that a collector of customs. His daughter Evelina, who became the wife of Com- modore Porter, was author of the popular song " Thou hast wounded the Spirit that loved Thee."

ANDRADA E SYLVA, Bonifacio José d' (an-drah'-da), Brazilian statesman, b. in Santos, 13 June, 1763; d. near Rio de Janeiro, 6 April, 1838. Under the patronage of the Lisbon royal academy he travelled in Europe, studying in Paris under Lavoisier, at the mining school of Frieberg under Werner, and at Pavia under Volta. In 1800 he became professor of metallurgy and geognosy at Coimbra, and soon afterward general intendant of the Portuguese mines. He took an active part in the construction of canals and public works, and in 1812 was named perpetual secretary of the Lis- bon academy of sciences. He returned to Brazil in 1819, and became one of the champions of national independence. As vice-president of the provincial junta (24 Dec, 1821) he urged Dom Pedro I. to remain in Brazil, became his minister of the in- terior (16 Jan., 1822), was removed from his office 25 Oct., but reinstated 30 Oct., at the request of the people, and was finally displaced 17 July, 1823, on account of his liberalism. In the constituent assembly his opposition became so bitter that after its dissolution (12 Nov., 1823) he was banished to France, and lived in Bordeaux till 1829, when he returned tb Brazil. Dom Pedro I., abdicating 7 April, 1831, in favor of Dom Pedro II., selected Andrada as the latter's guardian and tutor. In 1833 he was tried on a charge of intriguing for the restoration of Dom Pedro I., was acquitted, but was deprived of his place and restrained of his liberty. He wrote on mineralogy, and published " Poesias d'America Elysea " (Bordeaux, 1825). His brothers, Antonio Carlo and Martim Francisco d'Andrada, were prominent in Brazilian politics and shared his fate. The latter, b. in Santos in 1776, d. there 23 Feb., 1844, left two sons : Joze Bonifacio, author of " Rosas e goivos " (Sao Paulo, 1849); and Martim Francisco, author of "Lugri- mas e sorrisos " (Rio, 1847), and of the drama "Januariq, Garcia" (1849).

ANDRÉ, John, soldier, b. in London in 1751, of Swiss parents; d. at Tappan, N. Y., 2 Oct., 1780. In the autumn of 1775 he was taken prisoner at St. John's by Gen. Montgomery. He afterward served on the staff of Gen. Gray, and then on that of Sir Henry Clinton, who, in 1779, made him adjutant-general of the British army in America. Under the name of “John Anderson” he conducted the treacherous negotiations with Benedict Arnold for the surrender of West Point. On the night of 21 Sept., 1780, he had an interview with Arnold in the woods near Stony Point, and took breakfast with him in the house of Joshua Smith, who was not privy to the plot. On leaving him,