Rev. Azel Backus, and graduated at Yale in 1803. He studied theology under President Dwight, and was ordained pastor of the Congregational church at Guilford in 1806. He resigned in 1842 because his abolitionist views were unacceptable to his con- gregation. A year later he went as a missionary to Iowa, but was attacked with the disease of which he eventually died, and did not remain. — His son, Samuel William Southmayd, clergyman, b. in Guilford, Conn., 14 March, 1814; d. in Mill- bury, Mass., 26 Jan.. 1866. He was graduated at Yale in 1833, and spent the following year in teaching in Mount Hope college, Baltimore, Md. In 1834 he was rector of the Hopkins grammar- school in New Haven. From 1836 till 1838 he was a tutor in Yale, and at the same time pursued theological studies in the seminary. He was pas- tor of the North church in New Haven from June, 1838. until his death. As a preacher, he was char- acterized by plainness, directness, and simplicity. He was widely known for his charity, and was a noted champion of the anti- slavery cause. In 1843, upon the establishment of the " New Eng- lander," he became one of the associate editors, and contributed to its pages more articles than any other writer save Dr. Bacon. He also pub- lished various addresses, and a " History of the North Cliurch during the Last Century " (1843).
DUTTON, Arthur Henry, soldier, b. in Wal-
lingford. Conn., 15 Nov., 1838 ; d. in Baltimore,
Md., 2 July, 1864. He was graduated at West
Point in the engineer corps in 1861. He served
on the statf of Gen. Mansfield in Washington at
the beginning of the war, and then had charge
of the defences of Fernandina, Fla., until he lie-
came colonel of the 21st Connecticut regiment
on 5 Sept., 1862. While on duty in North Caro-
lina with his regiment, he served as chief of staff
to Maj.-Gen. Peck, and subsequently held a simi-
lar position upon the staff of Maj.-Gen. W. F.
Smith. After the battle of Drury's Bluff, in which
he greatly distinguished himself, he was placed
in command of the 3d brigade. While reconnoi-
tring with his brigade in the neighborhood of Ber-
muda Hundred on 5 June, 1864, he came upon the
enemy strongly intrenched and almost hidden from
view. Being, as usual, on the skirmish line, he
was mortally wounded in the beginning of the
engagement. — His brother, Clarence Edward,
soldier, b. in Wallingford. Conn., 15 May, 1841,
was graduated at Yale in 1860, and subsequently
spent two years in study at New Haven. In 1862
he became 1st lieutenant and adjutant, a,nd short-
ly afterward captain, in the 21st Connecticut volun-
teers. He was engaged at Fredericksburg, Nor-
folk, Cold Harbor, Bermuda Hundred, and Drury's
Bluff. In 1863 he was admitted to the U. S. army
as 2d lieutenant in the ordnance corps, after
passing a severe competitive examination, and was
promoted 1st lieutenant in March, 1867. Mean-
while he had been stationed at Water vliet arsenal
in West Troy, in 1865, and came under the influ-
ence of Robert P. Whitfield and Alexander L.
HoUey, who directed his attention to geology and
the technology of iron. For five years his leisure
was occupied in the study of these subjects, and in
1870 he read Ins first paper, " On the C'hemistry of
the Bessemer Process," before the American associa-
tion for the advancement of science, at their Troy
meeting. He was transferred to the Frankford
arsenal in 1870, and in 1871 to the Washington ar-
senal, where he remained until May, 1876, having
been promoted to captain in Ji;ne, 1873. While
in Washington he renewed his studies in geology
and devoted considerable attention to the micro-
scopic examination of rocks. His work was no-
ticed by the officers of the U. S. geological survey,
and during the summers of 1875-'7 he was detailed
for duty in connection with the survey of the
Rocky mountain region under Maj. John W. Pow-
ell. The winters of these years were spent in the
west as chief ordnance officer of the Department of
the Platte. In 1878 fie was ordered to report to
the secretary of the interior, and subsequently was
associated with the U. S. geological survey, being
in 1887 geologist in charge of the division of vol-
canic geology. His work on the geology of the
high plateaus of central Utah was begun in 1875
and completed in 1877, and that in the Grand
Caflon district was finished in 1880. In 1882 he
visited the Hawaiian islands for the purpose of ex-
amining the volcanoes, and then made a special
study of the great volcanic fields of the northwest.
He began the examination of the Mount Taylor
and Zuni district of New Mexico in 1884, and in
1885 began an investigation of the cascade and
coast ranges of northern California and Oregon, on
which he was occupied several years. In 1886 he
was employed for a short time in studying the
causes of the Charleston earthquake, concerning
which he prepared a monograph, Capt. Dutton is
a member of several scientific societies, and in 1884
was elected a member of the National academy of
sciences. Besides upward of fifty articles on scien-
tific subjects, he has published the following gov-
ernment reports : " Geology of the High Plateaus of
Utah " (Washington, 1880) ; " Tertiary History of
the Grand Canon District " (1882) ; " JPhysical Ge-
ology of the Grand Canon District" (1882); "Ha-
waiian Volcanoes " (1884) ; and " Mount Taylor
and the Zuni Plateau " (1886).
DUTTON, Henry, jurist, b. in Plymouth,
Conn., 12 Feb., 1796- d. in New Haven, Conn., 12
April, 1869. His grandfather, Thomas, was a cap-
tain in the Revolutionary army. He was brought
up on a farm, prepared himself under difficulties
for college, entered the junior class at Yale, and was
graduated with honor in 1818. He then taught
school, and at the same time studied law in Fair-
field, Conn., was a tutor in Yale in 1821-'3, and
after that established himself in practice at New-
town, where he remained fourteen years, and was
twice elected to the legislature. The next ten
years he practised at Bridgeport, where he was
prominent in his profession, became state attorney,
and was for two terms a member of the legislature.
In 1847 he became professor of law in Yale, and
removed to New Haven. He was elected to the
state senate in 1849, once again to the lower house
of the legislature, was for one year judge of the
New Haven county court, and in 1854 was elected
governor of Connecticut. He was judge of the su-
perior court arid of the supreme court of errors from
1861 to 1866, at the same time retaining his profes-
sorship. After he was retired from the bench at
the statutory age of seventy years, he resumed the
practice of law till compelled to retire by failing
health. He served on the commissions of 1849 and
1866 to revise the state statutes, and was chairman
of the committee that made a new compilation of
them in 1854. Judge Dutton was instrumental in
the passage of the law allowing ]iarti('S to a suit to
testify in civil cases. He advocated tlie law allow-
ing the prisoner's counsel the right of a closing ar-
gument before the jury, introduced in the legisla-
ture the bill giving the superior court sole juris-
diction in divorce cases, and aided in the passage
of bills to secure more effectually the rights of mar-
ried women. He published a " Digest of the
Connecticut Reports" (1833), with an analytical
