ated at Amherst in 1865, and then spent two years at the University of Gottingen, receiving the de- gree of Ph. D. in 1869. On his return to the United States he became instructor in geology and zoology in Amherst, and in 1873 was appointed professor of these branches. Dr. Emerson is a member of several scientific societies at hortie and aliroad, and has contributed valuable geological papers to scientific journals.
EMERSON, Brown, clergyman, b. in Ashbv,
Mass., 8 Jan., 1778 ; d. in Salem, Mass., 25 July,
1872. He was graduated at Dartmouth in 1802,
received the degree of D. D. from that college in
1835, and at his death was its oldest graduate.
After studying theology in Hancock, N. H., he was
ordained, on 14 April, 1805, as Dr. Daniel Hopkins's
colleague in the pastorate of the old South church,
Salem, where he remained till his death, a period
of sixty-seven years, being sole pastor from 1816
till 1849. Dr. Emerson was an able and vigorous
preacher, and published various sermons, addresses,
and orations, including a sermon on the fiftieth
anniversary of his ordination.
EMERSON, Charles Franklin, educator, b.
in Chelmsford, Mass., 28 Sept., 1848. He was
graduated at Dartmouth in 1868, becoming at once
instructor in gymnastics, and also instructor in
mathematics in the agricultural department. In
1869 he became instructor in mathematics in the
college proper, and in 1872 associate professor of
natui-al philosophy, succeeding in 1878 to full pos-
session of that chair. His work has consisted
largely in the development of the physical labora-
tory in Dartmouth, for which purpose he travelled
extensively through Europe during 1883-'4. He
is a fellow of the American association for the ad-
vancement of science, and is an occasional con-
tributor to scientific literature.
EMERSON, Charles Noble, lawyer, b. in WiU-
iamstown, Mass., 6 Feb., 1821; d. in New York
city, 15 April, 1869. He was graduated at Will-
iams in 1840, studied law and was admitted to the
bar there, and served in the civil war, advancing to
the rank of major of volunteers. He delivered a
poem before the alumni of Williams college in 1860.
He was appointed assessor of internal revenue in
Massachusetts in 1865, and published a " Hand-
book of the Internal Revenue " (Springfield, 1868).
EMERSON. George Barrell, educator, b. in
Kennebunk, Me., 12 Sept., 1797; d. in Newton,
Mass., 14 March, 1881. He was graduated at Har-
vard in 1817, and soon afterward took charge of
an academy in Lancaster, Mass. He was tutor in
mathematics and natural philosophy in Harvard
in 1819-'21, and in the latter year was chosen prin-
cipal of the English high-school for boys in Bos-
ton, after declining the professorship of mathe-
matics in Harvard. In 1823 he opened a private
school for girls in the same city, and conducted it
until 1855, when he retired from professional life.
In 1831 he assisted in organizing. the Boston soci-
ety of natural history, of which he became presi-
dent in 1837. He was instrumental in getting the
legislature to authorize the geological survey of
the state, and took charge with Dr. Dewey of the
botanical department of the survey, under appoint-
ment from Gov. Everett. Mr. Emerson was also
president of the American institute of instruction,
and aided in securing the establishment of the
state board of education. He passed forty years
of his life in teaching, thirty-four of which were
spent in Boston. He received the degree of LL. D.
from Harvard in 1859, and was a member and as-
sociate of many learned bodies. He wrote the sec-
ond part of the " School and School-master " (New
York, 1842), of which the first part was written by
Bishop Potter, of Pennsylvania. A copy of this
work was placed in every school in the states of
New York and Massachusetts. He was also the
author of several lectures on education, and a con-
tributor to various periodicals, and published a
"Report on the Trees and Shrubs growing natu-
rally in the Forests of Massachusetts " (Boston,
1846); a "Manual of Agriculture" (1861); and
"Reminiscences of an Old Teacher" (1878).
EMERSON, Gonverneur, physician, b. in Kent
county, Del., in 1796; d. 2 July, 1874. He was
graduated in medicine at the University of Penn-
sylvania in 1816, and began practice in Philadel-
phia in 1820, but spent many years in retirement
on a farm, where he devoted himself to peach-cult-
ure, and gave much attention to the subject of fer-
tilizers. He wrote extensively on the subject of
vital statistics, and contributed to the " American
Journal of the Medical Sciences," in 1827-'48, tables
of the mortality of Philadelphia from 1807 till
1848, showing, among other things, the excessive
mortality of males during childhood. He also
adapted Cuthbert W. Johnson's " Farmers and
Planters' Encyclopaedia of Rural Life " (London,
1842) to the United States (Philadelphia, 1853). and
published a translation of Le Play's treatise on the
" Organization of Labor." He also contributed
numerous scientific papers to the proceedmgs of
the American philosophical society, of which he
became a member in 1833.
EMERSON, James E., machinist, b. in Maine,
2 Nov., 1823. His youth was spent in farming
and working in saw-mills, and he was a carpenter
in Bangor for several years. In 1850 he removed
to Lewiston, where he established a manufactory
for making wood-working machinery, and while
engaged in this business made his first invention.
This was a machine for boring, turning, and cut-
ting the heads on the spools or bobbins that are
used in cotton factories, and did the same work
that formerly required three machines. In 1852
he removed to California, where he was first em-
ployed as superintendent of a saw-mill, and after-
ward became a proprietor of mills in various coun-
ties of that state. Here he proved the advantages
of circular saws with movable teeth. For several
years he was occupied in the introduction of his
new saws, but subsequently returned to the east
and manufactured edge tools in Trenton, N. J.,
receiving large contracts for swords and sabres
from the government during the civil war. He
afterward became the superintendent of the Amer-
ican saw company, which was organized to manu-
facture his circular saws with movable teeth. A
circular saw 88 inches in diameter, and costing
$2,000, was exhibited by this company at the Paris
exposition of 1867. Among his miscellaneous in-
ventions are a combined anvil, shears, and punch-
ing machine (1866), and a swage for spreading
saw-teeth to a uniform width and shape, and cut-
ting the edge at a single operation.
EMERSON, John Smith, missionary, b. in Chester, N. IL, 28 Dec, 1800 ; d. in Waialua, Oahu, Sandwich Islands, 28 March, 1867. He was graduated at Dartmouth m 1826, at Andover theological seminary in 1830, and was ordained in May, 1831, having acted for a year as agent of the American
board of commissioners for foreign missions. He had studied with the intention of becoming a missionary in India, but, yielding to a special call from the Sandwich Islands, sailed in November, 1831, for Honolulu, and was pastor of the Congregational church at Waialua from 1832 till 1864
with the exception of the years 1842-'6, when he
