flourished so well that in 1773 it had 7,000 civilized Indians, five churches, three convents, two hospitals, a college, and a library. He was employed by the Spanish government in 1750 to draw a map of the coast of South America from the south of Brazil to Tierra del Fuego, which on its completion was printed in 1761 at Quito, and is noted for its accuracy. He also designed a chart of Paraguay in 1757, a chart of the Tucuman in 1759, and several others of less importance. On the expulsion of the Jesuits he was sent to Spain, and afterward went to England, where he became chaplain in an old English Roman Catholic family near Worcester. Here he wrote his “Description of Patagonia and of the Neighboring Countries of South America” (Hereford and London, 1774; German translation, Gotha, 1775; French translation, entitled “Description des terres Magellaniques et des pays adjacents,” 2 vols., Geneva and Paris, 1787). This work is valuable for its descriptions of the countries in which he lived; but Falkner's superficial knowledge of natural history diminishes the value of his account of the natural productions of South America. He also published “A Treatise on the Language of the Indians of South America”; “Botanical, Mineral, and like Observations made by himself on the Products of South America”; “A Treatise on South American Distempers cured by American Drugs.” Several South American plants were introduced by him into the European materia medica.
FALLOWS, Samuel, bishop of the Reformed
Episcopal church, b. in Pendleton, near Manches-
ter, England, 18 Dec, 1835. He removed with
his parents to Wisconsin in 1848, was graduated at
the State university there in 1859, and was vice-
president of Gainsville university till 1861, when
he was ordained in the Methodist Episcopal church.
He served as a colonel in the civil war, and was
brevetted brigadier-general. On returning to civil
life he became a pastor in Milwaukee. He was
chosen state superintendent of public instruction
for Wisconsin in 1871, and was twice re-elected.
In 1874 he was elected president of the Illinois
Wesleyan university at Bloomington. In 1875 he
iniited with the Reformed Episcopal church, and
became rector of St. Paul's. Chicago, in May of that
year. In January, 1876, he was appointed chief
editor of the " Appeal," the organ of the Reformed
Episcopal church, and on 15 July, 1876, he was
elected a bishop. He was regent of the University
of Wisconsin in 1864-74, and received the degree
of D. D. from Lawrence university in 1873. He
lias published a " Supplemental Dictionarv " (Chi-
cago, 1884), and " Past Noon " (1886).
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FANEUIL, Peter, merchant, b. in New Rochelle, N. Y., in 1700; d. in Boston. Mass., 3 March, 1743. His parents were French Huguenots. He became a merchant in Boston, and in 1740, after the project of erecting a public market-house in that city had been discussed for some years, he offered, at a public meeting, to build a suitable edifice at his own cost as a gift to the town; but so strong was the opposition to market- houses that, although a vote of thanks was passed unanimously, the offer was accepted by a majority of only seven. The building was begun in Dock square in September of the same year, and finished in two years. It comprised a market-house on the ground floor, and a town-hall, with other rooms, over it. In 1761 it was destroyed by fire, nothing but the brick walls remaining. It was rebuilt by the town in 1763, and in 1775, during the British occupation of Boston, it was used for a theatre. In 1805 it was enlarged by the addition of another story, and increased forty feet in width. The large hall is about eighty feet square, and contains many fine paintings of distinguished men. During the Revolutionary period it was the usual meeting-place of the patriots, and, from the stirring debates and important resolutions that were often heard within its walls, it gained the name of “the cradle of American liberty.” (See illustration.)
FANNIN, James W., soldier, b. in North Carolina about 1800 ; d. at Goliad, Texas, 27 March, 1836. He was a captain in the Texan service in 1835, and on 28 Oct., at the head of ninety men, with Capt. Bowie, defeated a superior Mexican force near Bexar. Gen. Houston soon afterward made him colonel of artillery and inspector-general. In January, 1836, he set out to re-enforce Dr. James Grant, who was in command of an unauthorized expedition to Matamoras. At Refugio he learned of the destruction of Grant's party, and fell back to Goliad, which he put in a state of defence; but by Houston's order he marched toward Victoria, and on 19 March was attacked on the Coleta river by a Mexican force under Gen.
Urrea. Throwing up a breastwork of wagons, baggage, and earth, the Texans defended themselves with spirit until night interrupted the fighting. Col. Fannin being among the wounded. The battle was renewed on the 20th, but the Mexicans having received a re-enforcement of 500 men, with artillery, a capitulation was signed, by which it was agreed that the Texans should be treated as
prisoners of war, and as soon as possible sent to the United States. After surrendering their arms they were taken to Goliad, where, on the 20th, an order was received from Santa Anna requiring
them to be shot. At daybreak the next morning 357 of the prisoners, all of them but four physicians and their assistants, were marched out under various pretexts, and fired upon in divisions. Fannin was killed last. Many attempted to escape, and were cut down by the cavalry, but twenty-seven are believed to have eluded pursuit.
FANNING, Alexander C. W., soldier, b. in Massachusetts in 1788; d. in Cincinnati, Ohio, 18 Aug., 1846. He was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1812, and immediately went into service on the Niagara frontier, being engaged in the capture of York (now Toronto), Canada, 27 April, 1818, where he was severely wounded by the explosion of the enemy's magazine. He took part in the defence of Sackett's Harbor, four weeks later, and in November following distinguished himself in the battle of French Creek, when the British flotilla was repulsed. For his bravery in the defence of Fort Erie when besieged by the British forces from 13 Aug. till 17 Sept., he was brevetted major. He was then transferred to the Florida frontier and served there till 1819, participating in Jackson's campaign against the Seminole Indians in 1817-'18. and in the capture of St. Mark's, 7 April, 1818, and was the provost-marshal at the execution of Ai'buthiiot and Ambrister, British subjects, on 29 April, 1818. He was in command in St. Mark's in 1818-'19, and was then
