first book-catalogue was issued in 1842, his last one, No. 28, in 1870. These brochures were interspersed with valuable notes on books, and remarks on noted persons with whom the author had come in contact. Among tiiese were Audubon, Burr, Bennett, For- rest, Fanny Kemble, Halleck. Macdonald Clarke, the mad poet, Poe, and Simms. Gowans's stock of books at the time of his death numbered nearly 800,000 volumes, and were disposed of by auction. The catalogue was in sixteen parts, containing 2,476 pages, and the sale began 30 Jan., 1871, and ended 5 Feb., 1872, lasting for about a month in each season. His funeral discourse was delivered by the Rev. John Thompson. D. D., and memorial sketches were written by his friend and physician. Dr. Sanuiel S. Purple, and the Rev. S. I. -Prime, D. D., of the " New York Observer."
GOWEN, Franklin Benjamin, railroad man-
anfer. b. in Philadelphia, Pa.. 9 Feb.. 1880: d. in
Washington. D. C. 14 Dec, 1889. He was educated
at Emmitsburg, Md. In 1858 he entered into the
business of mining coal, which he soon abandoned,
and began the study of the law. He was admitted
to the bar in 1860. and began practice in Schuylkill,
rising to distinction in his profession. In 1862 he
was elected district-attorney of Scliuylkill county.
On resuming his genei-al practice at the bar. he was
retained as counsel for the Philadelphia and Read-
ing railroad, and of the Girard coal-trusts, in con-
nection with their large interests in the mining
region. In 1869 he was chosen to the presidency
of the former comoany, and filled the office un-
til 1881, when becaiise of oppositition to his plans
for the relief of the finances of the road he
failed of a re-election. But he was again chosen
in 1882. In 1872 he was elected a "member of
the Constitutional convention of Pennsylvania,
and in this body ranked as one of its ablest
members. Mr. Gowen conceived and established
the Philadelphia and Reading coal and iron com-
pany, which is probably the largest land and min-
ing company ever organized in this country. To
him is also due the honor of being the one who
conceived and put in operation the movement
against the famous organization known as the
" Mollie Maguires," which had produced a reign
of terror in ihe coal region, extending over a pe-
riod of twenty years, and which the ordinary ma-
chinery of the law had been unable to suppress.
In the trials which followed this movement in
1876, Mr. Gowen was one of the counsel for the
commonwealth. He was an orator of force and
eloquence, and was eminent as a financier and rail-
road manager. His argument in the case of tiie
State vs. Thomas ilunlev (one of the Mollv Maguire
trials) has been publishe'd (Pottsville, Pa.', 1876).
GOYENECHE Y BARREDA, Jose Manuel (go-yay-nay'-chay), count of Guaqui, South American soldier, b. in Ai'equipa, Peru, 13 June, 1775 : d. in Madrid. Spain, 15 Oct., 1846. He entered the military service as a cadet in the organized
militia, and in 1793 was lieutenant of the cavalry of
Camana. He went to Spain in 1795, and in 1801
was sent to the different countries of Europe, to
study the progress of military tactics and their ap-
plication for the defence of Spain. On his return
he rose to the rank of brigadier, and after the
entry of the French into Madrid was appointed
by Soult to go to South America in the interest of
the French domination, but on his way espoused
the cause of Ferdinand VII. In 1809 he was ap-
pointed captain-general and president of the audi-
encia of Cuzco, and in that year marched against
the revolutionists and defeated them, 25 Oct., near
La Paz. After the declaration of independence
in Buenos Ayres, 25 May. 1810, Goyeneche marched
against the republican forces of that province, re-
conquering the whole upper part of it. He subse-
quently won other battles, but his lieutenant, Tris-
tan, was defeated, and Goyeneche, disgusted with
the prosecution of a war of which he could see no
end, asked for his relief, and retired to Spain in
1813. There he fought against the French under
Soult, and was rewarded with the grand cross of
Isabel la Cat61ica, the title of count of Guaqui.
and the rank of lieutenant-general. He continued
to serve the king as councillor of state, senator,
and commander-in-chief of several provinces, re-
ceived many orders, and in 1846 was elevated to
the rank of hereditary grandee of Spain. The his-
torian Funes says of him : "Goyeneche was Bona-
partist in Madrid, federalist in Seville, autocrat in
Montevideo, royalist in Buenos Ayres, and despot
in Peru." — His brother. Jose Sebastian, Peruvian
R. C. bishop, b. in Arequipa. 19 Jan., 1784; d. in
Lima, 19 Feb.. 1872, studied in the College of the
Immaculate Conception of Arequipa, and in the
University of Lima, where in 1806 he was appoint-
ed assistant professor of theology, and in the same
year was graduated in law at the royal audiencia.
He was appointed assessor of the commercial and
mining tribunals, but in 1807 entered holy orders
and became successively curate of Calca and of
Santa Marta in Arequipa. He was also for some
time ecclesiastical governor of that bishopric, and
in 1811 prebendary of the cathedral. In 1816 he
was appointed inquisitor, and in 1817 bishop of
Arequipa, being consecrated in 1818. When the
independence of Peru was proclaimed, 23 July,
1821, he accepted the situation, although his broth-
er, the count of Guaqui, belonged to the opposite
party. In 1860 he was appointed archbishop of
Lima, and during his incumbency organized the
seminaTV of that citv.
GRACE, Thomas L., R. C. archbishop, b. in
Charleston. S. ('., 16 Nov., 1814: d. in St. Paul,
Minn.. 22 Feb.. 1897. At the age of fifteen lie en-
tered the Roman Catholic seminary in Charleston.
He left aftei' a year and became a member of the
order of St. Dominick in St. Rose's convent, Ky.
Ilevvas afterward sent to Rome, and studied the-
ology for seven years in the College of the Minerva.
He was ordained priest at Rome, 21 Dec, 1839, re-
turned to the United States five years afterward,
and was engaged in missionary work for several
years in Kentucky and Tennessee. In Memphis
he built the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, one
of the finest in the city, as well as the convent of
St. Agnes, and an orjihan asylum. He was conse-
crated bishop of St. Paul in the cathedi-al of St.
Louis by Archbishop Kenrick, 24 July, 1859. The
administration of this large diocese taxed him to
the utmost, and in 1875 he succeeded in having
northern Minnesota set off as a vicariate, and John
Ireland was apjrointed his coadjutor. Dakota,
which had also been under his jurisdiction, was
placed under a vicar-apostolic in 1879. Although
the diocese of St. Paul was thus reduced within
comparatively narrow limits, it contained in 1884
one hundred and fifty priests and over two hun-
dred churches, with hospitals, asylums, protectories,
and schools. Bishop Grace celebrated his silver
jubilee in July, 1884. and in the same year resigned
his see, and became titular archbishop of Mennith.
GRAEME, Thomas, physician, b. in Balgowan, Scotland, 20 Oct., 1688; d."in Graeme Park, near Philadelphia, Pa., 4 Sept., 1772. He came to this country in 1717, in the company of Sir William Keith, lieutenant-governor of Pennsylvania. Having previously studied medicine, shortly after his
