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journing the courts for the benefit of fraudulent debtors. Pirates and privateers took refuge in Delaware bay, and even made captures there and openly transacted their business in Philadelphia ; but the governor was powerless against them, hav- ing no efficient constabulary force in the city and being unable to obtain from Lord Bellomont a ves- sel of war to guard the harbor. William Penn complained of various transactions of JMarkham in his fiduciary relations with himself. Nevertheless in 1708 he directed the deputy governor to ap- point his kinsman register-general of wills; but the legality of the appointment was contested.

MARKOE, Abram, capitalist, b. in the Danish West Indies in 1729; d. in Philadelphia, Pa., 28 Aug., 1806. He was a descendant of Count Marco, a leader among the Huguenots, who became a planter in Santa Cruz. lie emigrated to Philadel- phia in early manhood. His family was largely interested in the sugar business, and he with his brothers was engaged in that enterprise in the isl- and of Santa Cruz, W. I., trading between that place and this country. In 1774 he was active in organizing the light horse troop of Philadelphia, since known as the •' city troop," and was chosen its first captain, remaining in command until the spring of 1776, when the neutrality edict of Chris- tian VII., of Denmark, forced him to resign his captaincy. In the summer of 1775 he presented the troop with a flag which has historic interest as being the first that bore the thirteen stripes symbolizing the thirteen colonies that were then asserting their rights. He was the owner of large landed interests in Philadelphia, notably a block of ground where now stand the new U. S. govern- ment buildings, on which he erected the building that was intended for the executive mansion of the president of the United States, and which was in 1800 sold to the University of Pennsylvania. — His son, Peter, poet, b. in Santa Cruz, W. I., about 1753 ; d. in Philadelphia, Pa., about 1792, was educated at Trinity college. Dublin, read law in London, and, returning to Philadelphia about 1783, devoted himself to literary pursuits. He wrote under the pen-name of " A Native of Al- giers," and published a tragedy entitled " The Pa- triot Chief" (Philadelphia, 1783); "Miscellaneous Poems " (1787) : a poem called " The Times " (1788) ; and " Reconciliation," a comic opera (1790).

MARKOE, Thomas Masters, surgeon, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 13 Sept., 1819. He was gradu- ated at Princeton in 1836 and at the College of physicians and surgeons in New York in 1841. For several years he was professor of anatomy in Castle- ton medical college, Vt., and in 1852 he accepted the chair of pathological anatomy in the medical department of the University of the city of New York, which he held until 1854. In 1860 he was elected adjunct professor of surgery in the medical department of Columbia college, and in 1870 he succeeded to the full chair, but in 1879, on its di- vision, he became professor of the principles of surgery. Dr. Markoe has published "A Treatise on Diseases of the Bone " (New York, 1872).

MARKS, Elias, educator, b. in Charleston, S. C, 2 Dec, 1790 ; d, in Washington. D. C, in June, 1886. He received a classical education in New York city, studied medicine in the College of phy- sicians and surgeons, graduating in 1815, and was for a time associated in practice with Dr. Valentine Mott, but returned to South Carolina, became president of Columbia female college, and subse- quently founded Barhamville collegiate institute, near Columbia, and conducted it till a short time before the civil war. He published, besides many fugitive poems, a translation from the Latin of Verhoofd of the '• Aphorisms " of Hippocrates, with, notes (New York, 1818), and " Elfreide of Guldal, a Scandinavian Legend, and other Poems " (Co- lumbia, 1850), and left an historical novel and a treatise on philosophy.

MARKS, William, senator, b. in Chester county. Pa., 13 Oct., 1778 ; d. in Beaver, Pa., 10 April, 1858. During his infancy his father settled in Beaver, in the midst of a wilderness, and the son grew up with scanty opportunities for educa- tion. He was a tanner by occupation, was sent to the legislature in 1809, and was a member of that body until 1814. In 1821 he was elected to the senate, and served till 1825, being speaker dur- ing the entire period. In the legislature he was- active in promoting the system of internal im- provements. While still speaker of the senate he was elected a U. S. senator, and served from 5 Dec, 1825, till 3 March, 1837. In congress he as- sisted in framing tariff measures and the law for distributing the proceeds of sales of public lands. .

MARMADUKE, Meredith Miles, governor of Missouri, b. in Westmoreland county, Va., 28 Aug., 1791 ; d. near Arrow Rock, Saline co.. Mo., 26 March, 1864. He was educated in the public schools, and when but twenty-two years of age was commissioned as colonel of the regiment that was raised in his county for defensive service in the war of 1812. At the close of the war he was ap- pointed U. S. marshal for the eastern district of Virginia, served for several years in that office, and was subsequently elected clerk of the circuit court. He removed to Missouri in 1824 for his health, was engaged in the Santa Fe trade six years at Frank- lin, Howard co., and then settled near Arrow Rock, where he became a large and successful farmer. He was the originator and president of the first state fair, and filled the office of surveyor, and subsequently that of county judge. In 1840 he was elected lieutenant-governor, and in 1844 be- came acting governor by the death of Thomas Reynolds. In 1847 he was a member of the State constitutional convention. During the crisis of 1860-'l, though his sons embraced the Confeder- ate cause, he was a stanch Unionist, without up- holding the energetic acts of the Federal authori- ties in Missouri. — His son, John Sappiiig'ton, sol- dier, b. near Arrow Rock, Mo., 14 March, 1833 ; d. in Jefferson City, Mo., 28 Dec, 1887, was brought up on his father's farm till the age of seventeen, when he entered Yale col- lege. After studying two years there and one year at Harvard, he was appointed a cadet in the U. S. mili- tary academy, where he was graduated in 1857. In the spring of 1858 he joined the expedition that was sent under Gen. Al- bert S. Johnston to quell the Mormon re-

volt. He served for

two years in Utah, and was then stationed in New Mexico, where he was serving when the secession troubles began. Obtaining leave of absence, he returned home, resigned his commission on 17 April, 1861, raised a company of state guards, and was soon afterward elected colonel of a regiment