but the viceroy did not believe the accusation, and on 5 Oct., 1823, after the final defeat of the Peru- vian army of Santa Cruz, promoted him major- general. In the army of the north, under the orders of Lieut.-Gen. Canterac, Maroto com- manded a division that operated against the forces of Bolivar. After the defeat at Junin, Maroto, disgusted by the incapacity of Canterac, abandoned his command and went to Cuzco. The viceroy appointed him commander-in-chief of Puno, and he stayed there till after the battle of Ayacucho, 9 Dec, 1824. In consequence of the capitulation of La Serna with the independent forces, Maroto delivered his command to them and went to Quilca, whence he sailed with his family to Spain in the same vessel with the viceroy. He was promoted lieutenant-general by Ferdinand VII., but after the death of the king declared for the pretender Don Carlos and rose to be com- mander-in-chief of his forces. In 1839 he secretly negotiated with Espartero the peace of Vergara, which caused the fall of the pretender, and ended the civil war in Spain. He was rewarded with the title of Count of Casa-Maroto and appointed mem- ber of the supreme council of war ; but his position being disagreeable, as his former companions con- sidered him a traitor, he returned to South America.
MARCJUAND, Frederick, merchant, b. in Fair-
field, Conn., 6 April, 1799; d. in Southport, Conn.,
14 July, 1882. He entered into business in New
York city, was head of the house of Marquand and
Co., jewellers and silversmiths, and retired about
1839, having become an extensive proprietor of
real estate in the city. Mr. Marquand contributed
to religious and charitable institutions, and be-
queathed a large sum to similar enterprises. He
gave chapels to the Union theological seminary in
Kew York city, and to the theological department
of Yale university. — His brother, Henry Gurdon,
banker, b. in New York city, 11 April, 1819, was
educated in Pittsfield, Mass., and engaged for
twenty years in managing real estate, the property
of his brother Frederick. Remarking the poor con-
struction and faulty design of city architecture, he
was among the earliest to become interested in its
improv^ement, and was the first honorary member
of the American institute of architects. For ten
years he was a banker in New York city, and in
1868 became one of the purchasers of the Iron
Mountain railroad, of which he was vice-president,
and afterward president, until its incorporation in
the Missouri Pacific system. He is a director in
the latter company, and in many other corpora-
tions. He has devoted much time and attention
to the Metropolitan museum of art in New York
city, to which he has made numerous gifts and fre-
quent loans from his valuable collection of paint-
ings. Mr. Marquand presented a chapel and. with
Robert Bonner, a gymnasium to Princeton college,
and, with his brother, a pavilion to Bellevue hos-
pital. New York city. — Henry Gurdon's son, Allan,
educator, b. in New York city, 10 Dec, 1853, was
graduated at Princeton in 1874, continued his
studies at the University of Berlin, and after his
return in 1876 was for a year tutor at Princeton.
He then became a fellow of Johns Hopkins uni-
versity, and on taking the degree of Ph. D. in 1880
returned as tutor to Princeton, and in 1883 was
made professor of the history of art. He is one of
the editors of the " American Journal of Archa>-
ology," has written on archaeology and logic for
various journals, and edited vol. iii. of the " Icono-
graphic Cvclopsedia of Arts."
MARQUES PERDIGAO, Joao da Piiriflcai^ao (mar-kes-per-de-gang'), Brazilian bishop, b. in V^anna, Portugal, about the end of the 18th cen- tury; d. in Pernambuco, 30 April. 1864. He received his early education from private tutors,
and was graduated as D. D. at Coimbra in 1815.
After being ordained priest he sailed for Brazil,
arriving at Rio Janeiro in May, 1816. Immedi-
ately on landing in Brazil he was appointed rector
of a parish in Pernambuco, where, besides conduct-
ing a school for the training of laboring men, he
established drawing and other educational classes
in the evenings and on Sundays, and was active in
procuring work for the poor. His popularity as a
preacher soon gained for him a position of great
infiuence among the people of the province, who
elected him representative to congress in 1826, but
he positively declined. On 18 Oct., 1829, Pedro
I. appointed him bishop of Pernambuco, and this
choice was confirmed by the pope Leo XII. on 28
Feb., 1831. His thorough knowledge of the wants
of the people enabled Marques to give valuable
practical advice to the government, and to do
much in behalf of the poorer class. In 1839 the
civil war knownas "Cabanas" desolated the prov-
ince, but the exertions of Marques, who was
esteemed by both sides, brought it to a peaceful
end. In 1841 he went to Rio Janeiro to crown the
emperor Pedro II., and in 1853 finished at his own
expense the magnificent church-building of the
" Carmo " in Pernambuco. The districts of Gloria,
Olinda, Iguarassu, and Goyana are indebted to
Marques tor many important charitable institu-
tions and several schools.
MARQUES, Thomas, clergyman, b. near Win-
chester, Va., in 1753; d. near Bellefontaine, Ohio,
29 Sept., 1827. He settled in Washington county.
Pa., in 1775, left home at the age of thirty-six to
prepare himself for the ministry, was ordained
pastor of a Presbyterian church at Cross Creek in
1794, and was also active as a missionary among
the Indians. The cataleptic manifestations known
as " falling work " first appeared during a revival
in his church in 1802, and spread thence like a
contagion to other districts.
MARQUETTE, Jacques, French missionary, b.
in Laon, France, in 1637 ; d. near Marquette river,
Mich., 18 May, 1675. He entered the Society of
Jesus at the age of seventeen, and was ordained
priest in 1666. He sailed for Canada the same
year, landed at Quebec on 20 Sept., and on 10 Oct.
went to Three Rivers, wherev he spent eighteen
months studying the Algonquin and Huron lan-
guages under Gabriel Druilletes (q. v.). In 1668 he
was ordered to return to Quebec and prepare for
the Ottawa mission, and while awaiting the Ottawa
flotilla at Montreal met a party of Nez-Perces,
with whom he went to Lake Superior and founded
the mission of Sault Sainte Marie. After building
a church and converting a large number of savages,
he was directed to proceed to La Pointe du Saint
Esprit, where he arrived on 13 Sept., 1669. He was
stationed at the head of Ashland bay till 1671,
when he was obliged to fly with the Huron part of
his flock, on account of the hostility of the Sioux,
to Mackinaw, where he founded the mission of St.
Ignatius and built a church. Here Louis Joliet
{q. V.) came in 1673 with orders from Frontenac,
governor of Canada, to take Marquette as com-
panion and guide on his expedition of discovery.
Marquette had already heard of Mississippi river
from the Illinois Indians that came to La Pointe.
He now spent the winter in making the necessary
preparations, drew up a rude map of the river from
information that he received from the Indians, and
carefully entered facts of any value in his note-
book. " VVe took all possible precautions," he says.
