life of his rival and still more after his death, lost no opportunity of traducing him. With him perished the last hope of the colony of New France. The engraving represents the monument erected to Montcalm and Wolfe in 1827. Montcalm's journal of his Canadian campaign was discovered among other valuable papers in the Château de Troisiel, France, in 1888, by Abbé Henry R. Casgrain, of Canada. See Francis Parkman's “Montcalm and Wolfe” (2 vols., Boston, 1885). — His son, Paul François Joseph, French naval officer, b. in Rouergue in 1756; d. in Turin in October, 1812, served during the whole of the war of 1778-'83 in the West Indies. He took part in five naval battles, and was at the capture of Granada and Tabago, being severely wounded during the latter engagement. He served also under De Grasse in Chesapeake bay, was again wounded at Yorktown in October, 1781, and after the conclusion of peace married in Quebec a daughter of the Marquis de Jonquieres, a former governor of Canada. In 1789 he was elected to the states general by the nobility of Rouergue, and, when the annuities to noblemen were suppressed in 1790, his was continued, the exception being made out of respect for the memory of his father. He emigrated to Italy a few months later, and died in Turin from the effects of a fall from his horse. Two of his sons met their death in the West Indies while fighting against the English.
MONTEAGUDO, Bernardo (mon-tay-ah-goo'-
do), Argentine statesman, b. in Tucuman in 1787;
d. in Lima, Peru, in 1825. He studied in the Uni-
versity of Cordova, and after being graduated as
doctor in law came to Chuquisaca, Peru, where he
was admitted to the bar in 1808. He was one of
the principal promoters of the first declaration of
independence in South America, 25 May, 1809, and
was arrested by the Spanish authorities and sent to
Buenos Ayres. There he published the " Martir 6
Libre," a newspaper, and prepared the way for
the revolution of May, 1810. He also proclaimed
his ideas in the Chilian journal '• El Censor."
In 1811 he was one of the editors of the
" Gaceta " and of " El Independiente " and " El
Grito del Sur," and he was one of the principal
Instigators of the movement that overthrew the
governing junta of Buenos Ayres in 1812. In
1813 he was a member of the constituent assem-
bly, where he recommended many useful reforms.
From 1815 till 1817 he travelled in Europe, but in
the latter year he accompanied San Martin as
secretary in the campaign of Chili. After the
disaster of Cancha Rayada he came to Mendoza,
and was one of the tribunal that sentenced the
brothers Carrera to death. He afterward accom-
panied San Martin in his campaign of Peru as
military judge and secretary, and when the latter
was declared protector of Peru in 1821 he appoint-
ed Monteagudo secretary of war and the navy. On
1 Jan., 1822, Monteagudo became secretary of state
a,nd foreign relations. He introduced many im-
provements, and inspired the decree of 10 Jan.,
which established the "'Sociedad Patriotica de
Lima." He was murdered in one of the principal
streets of Lima by a negro, probably the tool of a
political enemy.
MONTEFIORE, Joshua, author, b. in London,
England, 10 Aug., 1762 ; d. in St. Albans, Vt., 26
June, 1843. His father, Moses Vita, of an Italian
Jewish family, came from Leghorn to England in
1758. Of the latter's nine sons, Joseph Elias. the
fourth, was the father of Sir Moses Montefiore, the
philanthropist. Joshua, who was the sixth, was
graduated at Oxford, studied law, and in 1784 was
admitted to practice. After following his profes-
sion in London, he joined, in 1791, a band of 275
adventurers who proposed to establish a colony
on the coast of Africa, and took charge of the
military arrangements of the expedition. The
party occupied the island of Bulama and raised
the British flag, but after several conflicts with the
natives, and the refusal of Montefiore's associates
to acquire the island by purchase, as he advised
them to do, they were obliged to withdraw. On
his return to England, Montefiore declined the
honor of knightliood, and entered the army as a
captain, being tlie first Jew to hold a military com-
mission in England. After service in various parts
of the world he resigned, came to the United States,
and for some time published and edited in New
York " Men and Measures," a weekly political jour-
nal which was subventioned by the "British govern-
ment. He afterward resided at St. Albans, Vt.,
until his death. Mr. Montefiore took a second wife
in his seventy-third year, and had seven children
by this marriage. He published " Commercial
and Notarial Precedents " (London ; Philadelphia,
1804) ; " Commercial Dictionary," which was long
a standard work (London, 1803, 2 eds. in the Unit-
ed States) ; " Trader's Compendium " ; •' United
States Trader's Compendium " ; " Law of Copy-
right " ; " Synopsis of Mercantile Laws " (2d ed. by
Clement C. Biddle, 1830) ; " Law and Treatise on
Book-keeping " (1831) ; and " Laws of Land and
Sea " (New York, 1831).
MONTEIL, Nicolas Antoine (mon-tay). West
Indian botanist, b. in Fort Dauphin, Santo Do-
mingo, in 1771 ; d. in Versailles in 1833. He
served in the regiment of Port au Prince from 1791
till 1793, and became captain, but left his native
country in 1800 and went to New Orleans, where
he resided several years, studying the flora of
Louisiana. He participated also in the foundation
of the Champ d'Asile in Texas in 1817, and, after-
ward joining Jean Lafitte, became his principal
agent. He returned to France in 1824, and settled
in Versailles, devoting the remainder of his life to
science. He published " Flore de la Louisiane "
(3 vols., Paris, 1828) ; " fitudes sur les legumi-
neuses arborescentes de I'Amerique du Sud " (1830) ;
" Traite de la culture de la canne a sucre en Lou-
isiane" (1831), and several other works.
MONTEIRO, Caiidido Bores (mon-tay'-ro),
Brazilian physician, b. in Rio Janeiro, 12 Oct.,
1812; d. there, 25 Aug., 1872. He entered the
Medico-chirurgical academy, and was graduated in
surgery in 1833, and in medicine a year later. In
1837 he obtained the professorship of operative
surgery and topographical anatomy, which he held
for twenty-five years, and he also figured in parlia-
ment as an eloquent orator. He was a notable
operator, the first in Brazil to tie the aorta above
the iliacal bifurcation, and wrote a valuable treatise
on the operation, which was printed in the " Annals
of the Imperial Academy of Medicine " in Rio de
Janeiro. He was physician to the imperial family,
held the presidency for four years of the municipal
chamber of the capital, and occupied other high
posts as councillor and minister of state, agricul-
ture, commerce and public works, and senator of
the empire for the province of Rio Janeiro.
MONTEJO, Francisco de (mon-tay'-ho), Spanish soldier, b. in Salamanca in 1479; d. in Spain in 1549. Of his early life nothing certain is known. He enlisted in 1514, in search of fortune, in the expedition of Pedrarias Davila for the Spanish main, but shortly after his arrival in Nombre de Dios, not liking the prospect, he went to Cuba,
where he served under Diego de Velasquez, who intrusted him with the command of the troops in
