and he also took steps toward a treaty of peace and friendship with Spain.
MONTMAGNY, Charles Jacques Huault de,
governor of Canada, d. in France about 1649. He
was the second governor-general of Canada, and
administered the affairs of that colony with great
ability from 1636 till 1648. He defeated the Iro-
quois, and concluded a lasting peace with them at
Three Rivers in 1645. Other matters that signal-
ized his administration were the beginning of the
ruin of the Hurons, which was completed in the
time of his successor, and the extension of the
explorations of the Jesuits to the north and west
far beyond the limits that had been reached be-
fore. He was a man of great sagacity and piety.
MONTMORENCY, Henri, Duc de, governor of Canada, b. in Chantilly, France, 30 April, 1595: d. in Toulouse, 80 Oct., 1632. He was the fourth and last Duke de Montmorency, and was appointed by Louis XIII. an admiral of France and viceroy of Canada before he was seventeen years old. He
succeeded his father as governor of Languedoc, fought against the Protestants, rendered distinguished services at the sieges of Montauban and Montpellier, and in 1625 conquered the islands of Re and Oleron. He served in Italy, took part in the rebellion of Gaston of Orleans, and, having been taken prisoner, was executed by order of Richelieu. His life was written by Simon Ducros, one of his
officers (Paris. 1632).
MONTOUR, Catherine, a half-breed Indian, b. in Canada : d. in Chemung county, N. Y., about 1752. She is supposed to have been the daughter of Count de Frontenac, governor of New France. She was captured during the wars between the
French, the Hurons, and the Six Nations, and was carried into the Seneca country, where she married a young chief, by whom she had several children. Her husband became known in the wars against the Catawbas. — Her granddaughter, Esther, a daughter of "French Margaret," was the wife of Eehobund, or Eghobund, chief of the village of Sheshequin, on the site of Ulster, Bradford co., Pa., which was built about 1765. It was for a number of years the seat of a Moravian mission, which in 1772 was removed farther west. After the place was abandoned by the Moravians and their converts, Eehobund, with the remnant of his tribe,
moved four or five miles farther up the river and died. Esther's superior mind gave her a great ascendency over the Senecas, and she ruled as a sovereign among them, being known as "Queen Esther." On several occasions she accompanied the delegates of the Six Nations to Philadelphia, where her refined manners and attractive person secured her many courtesies from the ladies of that
city. In spite of these qualities, she is chiefly remembered by the part she took in the Wyoming massacre in July, 1778, when, to avenge the death of her son, she tomahawked fourteen prisoners.
MONTOYA, Antonio Ruiz de (mon-toh'-yah),
clergyman, b. in Lima, Peru, 18 June, 1585 ; d. there,
11 April, 1652. He became a Jesuit, was appointed
rector of several colleges of the society in Peru, and
as a missionaiy was very successful in converting
the Indians of the province of Paraguayana. He
visited Spain several years before his death. His
works include " Tesoro de la lengua Gruarani "
(Madrid, 1639) ; " Historia de la conquista espiri-
tual de la provincia del Paraguay " (1639) ; " Arte
y vocabulario de la lengua Guarani " (1640) ; and
" Catecismo en la misma lengua" (1640).
MONTRUEIL, Desire Amahle Ferdinand (mong-truh'-ee), IPrench botanist, b. in Saulieu, Burgundy, in 1709 ; d. in St. Gratien, near Paris, in 1760. He was given in 1737 a mission to explore northern Canada, and in particular the
territories around Hudson bay, and during six
years collected many specimens of the Canadian
flora, but while he was returning to France he was
captured by the English and taken to London. He
was released after the conclusion of peace in 1748,
and vainly endeavored to recover his property, but
the British authorities refused to surrender it, in
spite of the protests of the Paris academy of science
to the London royal society. Returning to this
continent in 1750, he again explored northern
Canada, and after forming a new collection visited
the New England states, Philadelphia, and New-
foundland during 1750-'4. In 1755 he was given a
like mission to Santo Domingo, and passing after-
ward to the continent, explored for two years the
Guianas and Venezuela. He published "Voyage a,
la bale d'Hudson " (Paris, 1749); "fitudes sur
I'histoire naturelle du Canada ou Nouvelle France
du Nord " (1754) ; " Expose du systeme vegetal de
la vallee du Saint Laurent au Canada" (1755);
" Histoire et description des plantes, medicinales
propres a la Guiane " (1758) ; " and " Etudes sur la
nature tropicale " (Paris, 1759).
MONTS, Pierre du Guast, Comte de, French
colonist, b. in Saintonge, France, about 1560 ; d. in
Paris in 1611. He belonged to an Italian Roman
Catholic family, but, becoming a Protestant, at-
tached himself to the fortunes of Henry IV., and
was appointed by him to an important office in
the royal household. He had made a voyage to St.
Lawrence river, and in 1608 the king appointed
him director of the Canadian company, to which
he granted Acadia, a region that was defined as
extending from the 40th to the 46th degree of
north latitude. De Monts was made lieutenant-
general, with viceregal powers, and, accompanied
by Samuel Charaplain and others, he sailed from
Havre. 7 March, 1604. He explored the Bay of
Fundy, discovered Annapolis harbor, and ascended
and named St. John river. He planted a colony on
an islet at the mouth of the St. Croix river, and
passed the winter there, but in the following Au-
gust removed to Port Royal (now Annapolis), where
he began a settlement. He soon afterward returned
to France. On his arrival at court De Monts found
his monopoly at an end, and, though he failed to
receive indemnification for what he had expended,
he despatched, in March, 1606, a vessel to relieve the
colony in Canada. He also sent Champlain and
Pontgrave, in 1607, on a new voyage to the St.
Lawrence, and other vessels in 1608, by the aid of
which Quebec was founded. After the death of
Henry IV., in 1610, De Monts was regarded with
disfavor at court.
MONTT, Manuel, Chilian statesman, b. in Pe-
torca, 5 Sept., 1809 ; d. in Santiago in March, 1881.
He was graduated at the National institute of San-
tiago, and soon rose to its rectorship, introducing
many useful reforms. There he attracted the
attention of the vice-president and chief minister,
Portales, who appointed him in 1836 assistant
secretary of state, and when that statesman perished
in the mutiny of Quillota. 6 June, 1887, Montt
took energetic measures to suppress the revolt.
Next year he was chosen judge of the supreme
court, and in 1839 he was elected deputy to con-
gress and president of that body, but was soon ap-
pointed secretary of the interior and foreign rela-
tions, and in March, 1840, became secretary of
justice and public instruction. He was subse-
quently twice secretary of state, introduced many
useful reforms, and organized in 1843 the Univer-
sity of (Jhili. In 1848 he was again elected to con-
