and was moved by that event to devote himself to the overthrow of slavery. He became pastor of a Congregational church at Princeton, Ill., in 1838. Although anti-slavery meetings were forbidden by the laws of Illinois, he openly held them in all parts of the state, announcing at each one the time and place for the next meeting. This course subjected him to frequent fines and to violence and intimidation; but by his eloquence and persistency he won many adherents, and eventually the repressive laws were repealed. He resigned his pastoral charge in 1854 on being elected a member of the legislature. In 1856 he was sent to congress, and was continued there by re-election until his death. At the beginning of the civil war he delivered in the house of representatives a remarkable speech against slavery, in which he recounted the circumstances of his brother's death.
LOVELACE, Francis, colonial governor, b. in
England about 1(J18; d. there in 1674. He was
the second son of Baron Lovelace, of Hurley, a
member of parliament, and a colonel in the British
array. He succeeded Richard NicoUs, as governor
of New York in May, 1667, and developed more
fully the extortionate and arbitrary system of gov-
ernment that he found in practice there. When
the Swedish settlers of Delaware were provoked to
resistance, he decreed an arbitrary tax, asserting
that "the method of keeping the people in order
is severity, and laying such taxes as may give them
liberty for no thought but how to discharge them."
In New York a tax for purposes of defence was
ordained, and, when the towns of Long Island
refused to pay it unless they received the right of
representation, the governor ordered their protests
to be burned. The people were on the verge of
rebellion when the war began between England and
Holland. New Jersey and Delaware surrendered
willingly to Admiral Evertsen when he appeared
with a small fleet in July, X673, and New York
capitulated within four hours after the Dutch
squadron had cast anchor ofE Manhattan island.
Lovelace departed on 30 July. He had interested
himself in the settlement of Ulster county, where
he laid out the town of Hurley. A volume of his
"Speeches" was published (London, 1660). — His
grandson, Lord Lovelace, succeeded Lord Corn-
bury as governor of New York in 1709. The as-
sembly met in April soon after his arrival, and
insisted on voting supplies annually and by specific
appropriations. He died on 12 May, 1709, leaving
the contest to be waged by his successor.
LOVELL, Charles Swain, soldier, b. in Hull,
Mass., 13 Feb.. 1811 ; d. in Louisville, Ky.. 3 Jan.,
1871. He enlisted as a private in the 2d U. S. ar-
tillery in January, 1831, and served in various gar-
risons, rising to quartermaster-sergeant, sergeant-
major, and, in October, 1837, to 2d lieutenant. He
was promoted 1st lieutenant in July, 1838, captain,
18 June, 1846, and took part in the battles of
Churubusco, Molino del Rey, Chapultepec, and the
city of Mexico. He then served in the territories
till the civil war, and after promotion to major, on
14 May, 1861, commanded a brigade at Gaines's
Mills, Malvern Hill, the second battle of Bull Run,
Antietain, and Fredericksburg. From 1863 till
1865 he was on provost-marshal duty in Wisconsin,
and he was promoted lieutenant-colonel, 21 Jan.,
1863, and colonel of the 14th infantry, 16 Feb.,
1865. He was brevetted lieutenant-colonel for gal-
lantry at Gaines's Mills, colonel for Malvern Hill,
and brigadier-general, U. S. army, for Antietam.
After the war he commanded his regiment at Fort
Yuma, CaL, and on 15 Dec, 1870, was retired from
active service.
LOVELL, Frederick Solon, lawyer, b. in
Charlestown, N. H., 1 Nov., 1814; d. in Kenosha,
Wis., 14 May, 1878. He was graduated at Geneva
(now Hobart) college, N. Y., in 1835, studied law,
and after admission to the bar in New York settled,
in 1837, in Southport (now Kenosha), Wis. He
served for three sessions in the territorial council,
and took part in the constitutional conventions of
1846 and 1847. In 1857 he sat in the legislature,
and was a commissioner to revise the state statutes,
and in 1858 he was speaker of the assembly. He
entered the National army in August, 1862, as lieu-
tenant-colonel of the 33d Wisconsin infantry, and
served later as colonel of the 43d regiment in the
southwest. In January, 1865, he was commissioned
colonel of the 46th regiment, and on 27 Sept. of
that year was mustered out, and resumed the prac-
tice of law at Kenosha.
LOVELL, John, educator, b. in Boston, Mass.,
16 June, 1710; d. in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1778.
?Ie was graduated at Harvard in 1728, succeeded
Jeremy Gridley as assistant master of the Boston
Latin-school in the following year, and from the
death of Dr. Nathaniel Williams in 1738 till the
Revolution was its head master. In 1743 he deliv-
ered the first address in Faneuil hall, on the occa-
sion of the death of its founder. He was a good
scholar and, though a stern disciplinarian, a genial
and witty companion. Master Lovell taught the
men in Boston that were leaders in the struggle
for independence, yet he adhered to the loyalist
cause, and went with the British troops to Halifax
on 14 March, 1776. His portrait, by John Smi-
bert, hangs in the Harvard gallery of paintings.
Besides his funeral oration on Peter Faneuil, he
published several political and theological pam-
phlets, and contributed articles in English and
Latin to the "Pietas et Gratulatio " (Cambridge, 1761). — His son, James, patriot, b. in Boston, Mass., 31 Oct., 1737 ; d. in Windham, Me., 14 July, 1814, was graduated at Harvard in 1756, and was his father's assistant in the South grammar- or Latin-school till it was dispersed on 19 April, 1775, on account of the siege. He was also master of
the North grammar-school, afterward called the Eliot school. He delivered, 2 April, 1771, the first anniversary oration on the Boston massacre. In the Revolution he took the side of the Whigs, and was imprisoned after the battle of Bunker Hill, carried to Halifax with the British army, and kept in close confinement, while his father was there as a Tory refugee, until, in November, 1776, he was
exchanged for Col. Philip Skene. On his return to Boston he was elected a member of the Continental congress, and served from December, 1776, till 1782. During the quarrel between Gen. Horatio Gates and Gen. Philip Schuyler, early in 1777, Lovell was a correspondent and confidant of the former,
and the recipient of his plan of campaign. He
encouraged Gates in dealing directly wtth con-
gress, over the head of Gen. Washington, and was
one of the malcontents that sought to make Gates
commander-in-chief, threatening Washington, in a
letter dated 11 Oct., 1777, with a "torrent of
public clamor and vengeance," and in another
describing him as a general that collected men to
wear out shoes and breeches, and that had " Fabi-
used matters into a very disagreeable posture."
Lovell was a diligent member of the committee on
foreign correspondence. Some of his letters were
printed in Richard II. Lee's life of his brother
Arthur. He was receiver of taxes at Boston from
1784 till 1788, then collector of the port till 1790,
and after that naval officer till his death. He
published several tracts, and a Latin oration on
