NEWTON, Robert Safford, surgeon, b. in Gal- lipolis, Gallia eo., Ohio, 12 Dec, 1818 ; d. in New York city, 9 Oct., 1881. He was educated at Gal- lia college, Ohio, and at the University of Ken- tucky, where he received the degree of M. D. in 1841. After practising at Gallipolis until 1845, he removed to Cincinnati, where he soon became known as a successful physician and surgeon. He was appointed professor of surgery in the Mem- phis, Tenn., university in 1849, and held the office until 1851, when he "returned to Cincinnati and was called to the same chair in the Eclectic medi- cal institute. He resigned in 1862, and in April, 1863, he went to New York city. During his resi- dence there he was instrumental in obtaining a charter for the State eclectic medical society, and in organizing it, acting as presiding officer for three years. He had previously aided in the or- ganization of the National society, and was con- spicuous in the work of its various branches. He subsequently assisted in founding the Eclectic medical college of the city of New York in 1865, serving as its president from 1875 till 1881, and as professor of surgery from 1865 till his death. He was engaged in the investigation of cell pathology from 1843 till 1880, and was the inventor of nu- merous instruments and improvements in surgery, especially of several relating to the pathology and treatment of cancerous diseases. He was the origi- nator of the circular operation for the removal of the breast. From 1851 till 1861 he edited and published the " Eclectic Medical Journal," and, after his removal to New York city, he conducted the " Eclectic Medical Review " until ,1874, when it was merged into the " Medical Eclectic." In 1852 he contributed largely to the " United States Eclectic Dispensatory." He edited " Chapman on Ulcers" (Cincinnati, 1853); "Eclectic Practice of Medicine," with Prof. William B. Powell (1854 ; New York, 1875) ; " Diseases of Children " (1854 ; New York, 1880) ; " Svme's Surgery " (Cincinnati, 1856; new ed., 1867);' and "Pathology of Infiani- mation and Fever " (^1861 ; new ed., 1867). He is the author of " A Treatise on Antiseptic Surgery " (Washington, 1876).— His son, Robert Saiford, physician, b. in Cincinnati, Ohio, 2 Sept., 1855, re- ceived the degree of M. D. from New York eclec- tic medical college in 1876, and studied in London, Paris, Vienna, and Berlin, from that year till 1880. He was clinical assistant at the Royal London oph- thalmic hospital in 1876-'7, assistant medical offi- cer to the London hospital in 1877, and chief of the Clinic hospital for diseases of the throat and lungs in the same city in 1877-'8. Returning to this country, he was professor of diseases of the eye, throat, and skin, in the New Y^ork eclectic medical college in 1881-'6, and also dean of the faculty. Dr. Newton edited the New Y^ork " Quar- terly Cancer Journal" in 1880-'l, and the New York " Medical Eclectic " from 1877 till 1885.
NEWTON, Roger, jurist, b. in 1685 ; d. in Mil-
ford, Conn., 15 Jan., 1771. He served in the Con-
necticut contingent in the expeditions against the
French m Canada in 1709-10, and for many years
was a member of the council. Having been ad-
mitted to the bar, he was appointed judge of the
court of common pleas, which office he held for
thirty-three years. His epitaph calls him
" Newton as steel, inflexible from right
In faith, in law, in equity, in fight."
NEWTON, Thomas, lawyer, b. in England, 10
Jan., 1661 ; d. in Portsmouth, N. II., 28 May, 1721.
He was educated in England, emigrated to this
country, and was attorney-general for Massachu-
setts bay in 1720-'l. Subsequently he became
deputy judge and judge of the admiralty. Later
he was comptroller of the customs and secretary
of New Hampshire until 1690. For many years
he occupied a high place at the Boston bar.
NEYRA, Domingo (ni-rah), clergyman, b. in
Banda Oriental, Spanish America, about 1689 ; d.
in Buenos Ayres after 1748. He studied in the
Dominican convent of Cordova, entered the order,
and was sent to Santiago. Chili, where he was or-
dained priest in 1713. He was professor in the
Dominican colleges of Cordova and Buenos Ayres
from that year till 1722. The Dominicans of
Banda Oriental complained of unfair treatment
on the part of the provincials of Chili, under whose
jurisdiction they were, and had several times de-
manded without success that a new Dominican
province should be formed east of the Cordilleras.
On 15 May, 1722, Neyra escaped secretly from
Buenos Ayres, and went to Europe to plead their
cause. After meeting with much opposition, he
obtained, on 24 March, 1724, a papal decree, by
which the Dominicans of Banda Oriental were
formed into a new province. He returned to Bue-
nos Ayres in 1729, and was appointed regent of
studies in the convent of San Elmo. It was ex-
pected that he would be made provincial on his
return, but the majority favored the election of
Father Juan Garay {q. v.), who became his bitter
enemy, and, notwithstanding his services, ordered
him to quit Buenos Ayres. After a visit to Rome,
he returned in Decemloer, 1733, and learned that a
new provincial, friendly to him, had been elected.
Neyra was chosen prior of the convent of Buenos
Ayres, elected provincial, 9 Nov., 1737, and estab-
lished a great seminary in that city. He went
abroad in 1739 to obtain teachers, but the ship that
contained his valuable library was captured in the
war with England, and he was obliged to remain
in Spain till the conclusion of peace in 1748. On
his return to Buenos Ayres he found a new pro-
vincial had been elected in his place. He wrote
" Ordenanzas de la moderna provincia de San
Agostin de Buenos Ayres, por el Padre Domingo
Neyra, de la orden de los predicadores," published
in Buenos Ayres which contains a description of
his first journey to Rome. His remarks on Euro-
pean society are charming for their mixture of
shrewdness and simplicity.
NIBLO, William, donor, b. in Ireland in 1789 ;
d. in New York city, 21 Aug., 1875. He emigrated
to the United States in his boyhood, established a
hotel and coffee-house, and became the proprietor
of Niblo's Garden in New York city in 1829. After
the death of Dr. Francis L. Hawks, he purchased
the latter's library and presented it to the New
York historical society. The printed catalogue of
this gift, which is known as the " Hawks- Niblo
collection," occupies 118 pages of the Hawks me-
morial. Mr. Niblo was a well-known figure in New
York city, and a liberal donor to benevolent insti-
tutions. Among his legacies was a library to the
New York young men's Christian association.
NIBOYER, Bandoin Simon (ne-bo-yay), Flemish author, b. in Bruges in 1779 ; d. in Yxelles, near Brussels, in 1834. He was a soldier during the French revolution and afterward, and lost an arm
at Marengo. He visited southern Europe, Turkey, Asia Minor, and Jerusalem, and passing to Canada early in 1812'he was permitted through the infiuence of his cousin, an officer on the staff of the
commander-in-chief, to accompany the British forces to the United States, witnessing the burning of the White House. After the peace he travelled through the northern and eastern states. He was
Dutch vice-consul in Baltimore from 1821 till 1826,
