possession of their camp. Tlie savages outnum- bered the Englisli two to one, and were commanded by their able chief, Paugus. They were met in a sparsely wooded place, and at the tiv^t fire Capt. Lovewell fell, mortally wounded. His men with- drew in good order to the lake to escape being sur- rounded, and the fight continued from 10 a. m. till nightfall, when the Indians, having lost their chief, retired from the field. Only nine of Capt. Love- well's company escaped unhurt. The survivors and tiie widows and children of the slain received a grant of Lovewell's town or Suncook (now Pem- broke), N. H. A long ballad, entitled " Lovewell's Fight," was composed at the time. Rev. Thomas Symmes published " Historical Memoirs of the Fight of Pigwacket," with a sermon on Lovewell's death (1725). This was republished, with notes by Nathaniel Bouton (Boston, 1861). See also " Expe- ditions of Capt. Lovewell," edited by Frederick Kidder (1805). — His brother, Zaccheus, soldier, b. in Dunstable, Mass., 22 July, 1701; d. there, 12 April, 1772, served in the French war, succeeding Joseph Blanchard as colonel of the regiment of New Hampshire volunteei"s in April, 1758, and was ordered to join Gen. Prideaux at Niagara on 29 July, 1759. — Another brother, Jonathan, b. in Dunstable, Mass., 14 May, 1713; d. in 1792, was a preacher, and in later life was appointed a judge.
LOW, Abiel Abbot, merchant, b. in Salem,
Mass., 7 Feb., 1811 ; d. in Brooklyn, N. Y., 7 Jan.,
1893. He early became a clerk in a mercantile
liouse, and subsequently for several years was with
his fatiier, who was an importer of drugs and
India goods in New York city, and had resided in
Brooklyn, N. Y., since 1829. In 1833 he sailed for
Canton, China, where he became a partner in an
American mercantile house in 1837. Three years
later he returned home and engaged in the China
tea and silk trade. As his business increased he
built many of his own ships. He was made a
member of the New York chamber of connnerce
in 1846, and in 1863 was elected its president, hold-
ing the office till the close of 1866, when he re-
signed. He was frequently called upon to address
the chamber and other bodies, or to consult with
the government at Washington in relation to com-
mercial or financial interests, and his voice and
influence were always decided and powerful in sup-
port of the plighted faith of the nation. During
the war he was treasurer of the Union defence
committee of New York, a member of the war fund
committee of Brooklyn, and president of the general
cominittee of citizens in Brooklyn that was ap-
pointed in aid of the sanitary service. Mr. Low
was for many years president of the board of trus-
tees of the Packer institute. He contributed gifts
to the Brooklyn library, the City hospital, and nuiny
other educational, benevolent, and religious enter-
prises. — His son, Seth, merchant, b. in Brooklyn,
N. Y., 18 Jan., 1850, was graduated at Columbia in
1870, became a clerk in his father's mercantile
house, and in 1875 was admitted as a partner. He
was elected a member of the New York chamber
of commerce, and made addresses on the carrying
trade and related subjects, which commanded at-
tention. Mr. Low was a founder of the Brooklyn
bureau of charities and its first president, and at
the same time he began to take part in political
reform. He was nominated for the mayoralty in
1881 as a reform candidate, and, being elected by a
decisive majority, gained much praise by his ad-
ministration of the city government. He was the
first mayor in the state to introduce the system of
competitive examination for appointments to mu-
nicipal offices. He was re-elected in 1888, and
served for another term of two years. In 1890
he became president of Columbia university, later
giving $1,000,000 for a university library build-
ing, and in 1897 he was an unsuccessful candidate
for mayor of Greater New York.
LOW, Edward, buccaneer, b. in Westminster,
London ; d. in Martinique in 1724. After making
several voyages with his brother, he went alone
to Boston, where he embarked on a vessel that was
bound for the Gulf of Honduras. Here he quar-
relled with tiie captain, and, putting to sea in the
long - boat with several companions, captured a
small ship, on which they raised the black flag,
and became pirates. By 1722 he had several ves-
sels under his command with which he ravaged
the coasts of New England and the Antilles. His
crews were constantly increased by sailors that
deserted their ships or were forced to join him.
In the roadstead of St. Michael he took several
ships, and, being in want of water and provisions,
he had the boldness to demand them of the gov-
ernor of St. Michael, promising to surrender the
captures he had just made, and threatening to
burn them if his demands were not complied with.
The governor did what the pirates asked, and Low
kept his word. On returning to the Antilles, he
committed horrible cruelties on those who fell into
his power, especially on those who concealed their
money or threw it into the sea. In an engage-
ment with a ship-of-war, in June, 1723, one of
Low's vessels was so badly damaged that he left it
to its fate and fled. This ship was taken and
brought to Rhode Island, where two thirds of the
crew were hanged. After this the career of Low
was marked by greater atrocities. His fleet in-
creased, for he often manned the vessels that he
took, giving the command to one of his subordi-
nates. Not only New England, Cape Breton,
Newfoundland, and the Antilles suffered from his
ravages, but they extended as far as the coasts of
Guinea. Cruelty had become so familiar to him
that he took an eager pleasure in torturing and
murdering his prisoners. Towai-d the end of July,
1723, he captured a large vessel, of which he took
command, with the title of admiral, and hoisted
on the main-mast a black flag with a death's-head
in red. When he was in the Caribbean sea in
January, 1724, a quarrel arose between him and
his crew. The officer next in command showed
himself violently opposed to an enterprise on
which Low was bent, and the latter avenged him-
self by murdering his subordinate in his sleep.
The crew seized their leader and two or three
of his partisans, lowered them into a boat, and
abandoned them without provisions. A ship from
JMartinique • met them and brought them to the
island, where they were recognized and executed.
See •' History of the English Pirates," by Charles
.Johnson (London, 1734).
LOW, Frederick Ferdinand, governor of California, b. in Frankfort, Me., 30 June, 1828; d. in San Francisco, 21 July, 1894. At twenty-one lie went to California, and, after spending some time in the mines, established himself in business in San Francisco, and in 1854 removed to Marysville, where he became a banker. He was elected as a
Republican to congress in 1860, and, after the expiration of his term in 1863, was appointed collector of the port of San Francisco. He was elected governor the same year, and served for the four-years' term beginning' 1 Jan., 1864. From 1809 till 1874 he was U. S. minister to China. In February, 1871, he was empoAvered to negotiate with Corea "for the protection of shipwrecked seamen and for a treaty
of commerce and navigation.
