O'BRIEN, Richard, seaman, b. in Maine in 1758; d. in Washington. D. C, 14 Feb., 1824. He embraced a seafaring life, became a skilful naviga- tor, and during the Revolution engaged in priva- teering, and was lieutenant of the brig " JefEerson " in 1781. After the war he entered the regular naval service of the United States, but in 1785 was captured, and for a long time was held in servitude by the dey of Algiers. For seven years he carried a ball and chain, but an act of kindness to his master's daughter secured his deliverance from the harsher forms of slavery. He performed various useful offices for the dey, conformed outwardly to the Mohammedan religion, and was treated with increasing leniency and respect. He wrote to Thomas Jefferson, then secretary of state, who se- cured his emancipation, and in 1797 appointed him a diplomatic agent of the United States. He as- sisted Com. Edward Preble in his negotiations with Tripoli, then returned to the United States in 1804, made Philadelphia his residence, and followed the sea till 1810, when he settled on a farm near Carlisle, Pa., and afterward was a member of the legislature. — His grandson,John Paul Jones, soldier, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1817 ; d. in In- dianola, Tex., 31 March, 1850, was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1836, and attached to the 4th artillery. He served in 1836-8 in the Florida war, was promoted 1st lieutenant on 7 July, 1838, took part in the military occupation of Texas and in the march through Chihuahua, served during the Mexican war in the quartermaster's de- partment with the rank of captain, was brevetted major for gallantry at Buena Vista, where he was wounded, and was made captain by regular promo- tion on 16 May, 1849, He was the author of a trea- tise on "American Military Laws and the Practice of Courts-Martial, with Suggestions for their Im- provement " (New York, 1856).
O'BRIEN, William Shoney, capitalist, b. in
Abbeyleix, Ireland, in 1825 ; d. in San Rafael, Cal.,
2 May, 1878. He emigrated early in life to New
York city, where he was admitted to citizenship in
1845, went to California in 1849. worked for some
time in the mines, engaged in 1851 in the liquor busi-
ness in San Francisco, and subsequently in the ship-
chandlery business, and in 1854 entered into part-
nership with James C. Flood, his former associate
in mining. For twelve years they conducted a
restaurant and drinking-saloon. Acquiring an in-
terest in the silver-mines of Nevada, they devoted
themselves from 1867 entirely to mining operations.
Mr. O'Brien was one of the four principal stock-
holders of the mine on the Comstock ledge, called
the " big bonanza," which was discovered in 1874.
He left a fortune of from $15,000,000 to $20,000,000.
O'CALLAGHAN, Edmund Bailey, historian,
b. in Mallow, County Cork. Ireland, 29 Feb., 1797;
d. in New York city, 27 May, 1880. After com-
pleting his collegiate course, he spent two years in
Paris. In 1823 he emigrated to Quebec, and in
1827 he was admitted to the practice of medicine.
In 1834 he was editor of " The Vindicator," and in
1836 he was elected a member of the assembly of
Lower Canada, but after the insurrection he re-
moved to New York, and he was for many years
employed in the office of the secretary of state at
Albany in editing the records of the state. After-
ward, in 1870, he removed to New York city. His
works include " History of New Netherlands"
(New York, 1846 ; 2d ed., 2 vols., 1855) ; " Jesuit
Relations " (1847) ; " Documentary History of New
York " (4 vols., Albany. 1849-51) ; " Documents
relating to the Colonial History of New York,"
procured in Holland, England, and France by
JohnR. Brodhead (11 vols., 1855-'61) ; "Remon-
strance of New Netherland " (1856) ; the " Orderly
Books" of Commissary Wilson (1857). and Gen.
John Burgoyne (1860) ; " Names of Persons foi-
whom Marriage Licenses were issued previous to
1784" (1860); Wooley's "Two Years' Journal in
New York " (I860) ; " Journals of the Legislative
Councils of New York" (2 vols., 1861); "The
Origin of the Legislative Assemblies of the State
of New York " (1861) ; " A Calendar to the Land
Papers " (1864) ; " The Register of New Nether-
land " (1865); "A Calendar of Historical Manu-
scripts in the Office of the Secretary of State "
(1865) ; " The Voyage of George Clarke to Ameri-
ca," with notes (1867) : and " Voyages of the Sla-
vers ' St. John ' and ' Arms ' " (1867).
OCAMPO, Gonzalo de (o-cam'-po), Peruvian
archbishop, b. in Madrid, Spain, about 1572 : d. in
Recuay, Peru, 19 Dec, 1626. He was graduated in
theology and law in the University of Salamanca,
went to Rome, and during seven years served as a
private chamberlain of Pope Clement VIII. Re-
turning to Spain, he was canon of Seville, and
founded there the College of Concepcion, on which
he expended 100,000 ducats. He obtained the
bishopric of Guadix, of which he never took pos-
session, and soon afterward was promoted arch-
bishop of Lima, 13 July, 1623, entering that city
on 20 April, 1625. He introduced many reforms
among the clergy, took measures for the welfare
of the convents, and on 19 Oct., 1625, inaugurated
the new cathedral of Lima (see illustration), whith-
er he transported, by order of the king, the remains
of Pizarro, Mendoza, and other viceroys. On 20
Feb., 1626, he wrote a circular recommending the
teaching of the Indians, and circulating in the in-
tei'ior about 6,000 copies of the same in the Spanish
and Quichua languages. On 27 May, 1626, he
began the visitation of his archbishopric and con-
verted several tribes. During the visit he died in
Recuay, probably poisoned by a cacique whom he
had forced to separate from a woman with whom
he lived. His remains were removed to Lima on
16 July, 1627. He wrote, according to Gonzales
Davila," " Del Gobierno espiritualy temporal del
Peru." of which the manuscript is in the archiepis-
copai archives in Lima.
OCAMPO, Melchor, Mexican statesman, b. in Valladolid (now Morelia) about 1815; d. in Tepeji, 3 June, 1861. His primary education was obtained in Mexico, and he finished his studies in the Semi- nary of Valladolid, where he was graduated in law.
He returned to Mexico to practise, but soon gave himself entirely to the study of botany, chemistry, and agriculture, in which he acquired a reputation both at home and abroad. In 1843 he was elected to congress from his state, and in the elections of
1846 he was chosen by unanimous vote governor of his native state of Michoacan. During his administration he made numerous improvements and re-
