Europe for rest and recreation. On his return he took orders in the Protestant Episcopal church in 1870. Not caring to engage in parochial work, he spent most of his time during the last ten years of his life in literary labor, writing for re- views and magazines, giving lectures, and making addresses at colleges and institutions of science and art. He was also for several years domestic corre- sponding secretary of the New York historical so- ciety. He received the degree of 1). D. from Har- vard in 1857, and that of LL. D. from Ilobart in 1873. In connection with Dr. Henry W. Bellows he was editor of the " Christian Inquirer " in New York in 18o0-'4. He was an excellent German scholar, and translated Hermann Olshausen's " His- tory of the Passion" (Boston, 1889), and Wilhelm M. L. De Wette's "Human Life" (2 vols., 1843). Dr. Osgood's chief publications were " Studies in Christian Biography" (New York, 1851); "God with Man, or Footprints of Providential Leaders " (1853) ; " The Hearth-Stone : Thoughts upon Home Life in our Cities " (1854) ; " Mile-Stones in our Lif e- Journey " (1855); "Student Life" (1860); "American Leaves" (1867) ; and " Address before the New York Historical Society on Thomas Craw- ford and Art in America " (1875).
OSGOOD, Thaddeus, philanthropist, b. in Me-
thuen, Mass., 24 Oct., 1775 ; d. in Glasgow, Scot-
land, 19 Jan., 1853. He was graduated at Dai't-
mouth in 1803, studied divinity, and was ordained
in 1806. He was stated supply at Southbury,
Conn., and was employed as a missionary in New
York and in Canada. He organized the first church
in Buffalo, N. Y., and many others, in 1813 col-
lected money in England for a school in Quebec,
and in 1835 revisited that country and raised a sum
of money for a society to promote education and
industry. In 1837 he organized a society in Cana-
da to supply Bibles for seamen and emigrants, and
was for many years a distributer of tracts and a
founder of Sabbath-schools.
OSGOODE, William, Canadian jurist, b. in
England in March, 1754 ; d. in London, England,
17 Jan., 1834. He was graduated M. A. at Oxford
in 1777, studied law, and was admitted to the bar.
The province of Upper Canada was established in
1791, and in 1793 Mr. Osgoode was appointed its
chief justice. In 1794 he became chief justice of
the province of Quebec, but resigned in 1801. Os-
goode hall, Toronto, the principal seat of law in
Upper Canada, is named for him. In 1801 he re-
turned to England, where he lived in comparative
retirement till his death. With Sir William Grant
and others he was engaged on various legal com-
missions, the last being an examination into the
fees of office in the courts of law. He published a
pamphlet entitled " Remarks on the Laws of De-
scent " (London, 1779).
OSLER, William, Canadian educator, b. in
Tecumseh, Out., 13 July, 1849. He was educated
at Trinity college, Toronto, Toronto school of
medicine, and McGill university, where he was
graduated as a physician in 1873. He subsequent-
ly studied at University college, Loudon, and at
Berlin and Vienna. He was professor of the in-
stitutes of medicine in McGill university in
1874-'84, of clinical medicine in the University of
Pennsylvania in 1884, Galstonian lecturer in the
Royal college of physicians, London, in 1885, and
Cartwright lecturer in the College of physicians
and surgeons, New York, in 1886. Dr. Osier is
physician to various hospitals, and is the author of
" Clinical Notes on Small-pox " (Montreal, 1876) ;
" Pathological Report, Montreal General Hospital "
(1878) ; and " Histology Notes " (1882). He has also
written for various medical journals in the United
States, Canada, and Great Britain.
OSMA-JARAYCEJO, Pedro de (os'-ma-hah-ri-
say'-ho), Spanish soldier, lived in the 16th century.
He went to Peru with Almagro and took part in
the conquest, but, as a man of education, soon tired
of a military life, and studied the useful and me-
dicinal plants of the country. For more than twenty
years he made trips into the interior to find new
species, and cultivated friendly relations with the
natives to obtain information about the drugs
known to their medicine-men. But he could not
induce them to tell where they obtained the bezoar-
stones, an antidote for poison and many maladies.
At last an Indian boy informed him they were
found in the stomach of the vicuiias and gua-
nacos, and he soon verified the fact by killing sev-
eral of these animals, in which he found stones
scarcely inferior to those obtained from the Ango-
ra goats in Asia, which are said to be produced by
the animal's feeding on certain shrubs. He wrote,
on 36 March, 1568, a Latin letter about his dis-
covery to the famous physician, Nicolas Menardes,
of Seville, who published it in his " Drogas de las
Indias" (Seville, 1574). The chronicler Antonio
de Herrera also mentions the fact.
OSMOND, Desire Gaston Rene, Viscount d', French explorer, b. near Baton Rouge, La., in 1763; d. in Moulins, France, in 1819. He was descended from early settlers in Louisiana, received his
education in Paris, and served afterward in the body-guard of Louis XVI. After the riots in the palace of Versailles on 5 and 6 Oct., 1789, he resigned, and, returning to Louisiana, lived on his
estate for several years, dividing his time between hunting, fishing, farming, and cattle-breeding. He accepted in 1798 a mission from the French Directory to visit citizens of the country, ascertain their feelings toward a retrocession of the colony to
France, and, if possible, to organize a movement to that end. Osmond reported a few months later that public sentiment was on the whole favorable to France, but that the citizens would oppose an-
nexation unless the Directory should give pledges for the maintenance of slavery. This report caused a sensation in Paris. It was well received by the authorities, who had already decided to re-establish slavery throughout the French possessions, and
consequently the pledges were readily given. In the spring of 1803 Osmond, being summoned by his old friend, Gen. Rochambeau, went to Santo Domingo and opened negotiations with the principal negro chiefs for their submission to France. Dessalines and Christophe were willing to come to an agreement on the promise of the enfranchisement of the slaves and a general amnesty, but
Petion claimed absolute independence for the country, and the negotiations failed through his efforts. Osmond then retux'ned to Louisiana, and afterward travelled in California and Mexico in
1806-'10. After visiting Oregon, Texas, Florida, both Carolinas, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, he went to France in 1814, on the restoration of Louis XVIII., and became a gentleman of the private
chamber of the king. He died near Moulins, where he had gone to restore his health, which had been impaired by the hardships of his travels. He published "Memoire sur I'etat de I'opinion publique
en Louisiane, et de la necessite du maintien de l'esclavage dans le cas d'un retour eventuel de la colonic a la France " (Paris, 1799) ; " Dix ans de voyages a travers I'Amerique du Nord " (2 vols.,
1817) ; " Voyage a travers la Californie " (1818); and " Cinq mois de negociations avec les chefs noirs rebelles de Saint Domingue " (1819).
